kpcczКомплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийComplex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases2306-12782587-9537Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”10.17802/2306-1278-2023-12-4S-184-195kpccz-1261Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургияREVIEWS. Cardiovascular surgeryТРАНСКАТЕТЕРНОЕ ЗАКРЫТИЕ МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ДЕФЕКТОВ МЕЖПРЕДСЕРДНОЙ ПЕРЕГОРОДКИ: ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫTHE PROBLEM OF TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF MULTIPLE ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS: INTERVENTIONAL APPROACHES AND RESULTS. LITERATURE REVIEWhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-7303ТрошкиневНикита МихайловичTroshkinevNikita M.

кандидат медицинских наук врач – сердечно-сосудистый хирург кардиохирургического отделения № 2, научный сотрудник лаборатории тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация

PhD, Cardiovascular Surgeon at the Department of Cardiac Surgery No. 2, Researcher at the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation

tnm.sibir@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-709XТарасовРоман СергеевичTarasovRoman S.

доктор медицинских наук, доцент заведующий лабораторией рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”Russian Federation202329122023124Sприложение184195Copyright © Трошкинев Н.М., Тарасов Р.С., 20242024Трошкинев Н.М., Тарасов Р.С.Troshkinev N.M., Tarasov R.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1261Основные положения

Основные положения

В статье представлены результаты эндоваскулярной коррекции множественных дефектов межпредсердной перегородки и способы установки окклюдеров по данным литературы. Приведены показания к транскатетерному закрытию и возможные осложнения процедуры.

 

 

Резюме

Резюме

За последние несколько десятилетий стратегия лечения второго дефекта межпредсердной перегородки значительно поменялась. Благодаря усовершенствованию технологии устройств и процедурных методик транскатетерное закрытие дефектов межпредсердной перегородки в настоящее время считается методом выбора у большинства пациентов со вторичными типами дефектов. Устройства последнего поколения обеспечивают простую и безопасную установку. Использование биосовместимых материалов окклюдеров способствует эндотелизации и уменьшению травматизации близлежащих структур. Большинство доступных в настоящее время устройств демонстрируют превосходную эффективность и сопоставимый результат с собственными преимуществами и недостатками. В дополнение к улучшению свойств и производительности устройства отмечено явное улучшение процедурной техники в результате многочисленных опытов закрытия устройства. Сложной проблемой для эндоваскулярного хирурга остается процедура закрытия множественных дефектов из-за их формы, расположения на перегородке, отсутствия достаточного количества края ткани на перегородке, а также трудного выбора типа устройства, их количества и взаимного расположения.

Highlights

Highlights

The article presents a review of the literature and the results of endovascular correction of multiple atrial septal defects, methods of occluder implantation. Indications for transcatheter closure and possible complications of the procedure are given.

 

 

Abstract

Abstract

Over the past few decades, the treatment strategy for the second atrial septal defect has changed significantly. Due to the improvement of device technology and procedural techniques, transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects is currently considered to be the method of choice in most patients with secondary types of defects. The latest generation devices provide a simple and safe implantation. The use of biocompatible occluder materials contributes to endothelization and reduction of traumatization of nearby structures. Most of the currently available devices demonstrate excellent efficiency and comparable results with their own advantages and disadvantages. In addition to improving the properties and performance of the device, there was a clear improvement in the procedural technique because of numerous experiments with closing of the device. A difficult problem for an endovascular surgeon is the procedure for closing multiple defects, due to their shapes, locations on the septum, the lack of a sufficient amount of tissue edge on the septum, as well as difficulties with choosing the type of device, their number and relative location.

Врожденные пороки сердцаМножественные дефекты межпредсердной перегородкиЭндоваскулярные вмешательстваCongenital heart defectsMultiple atrial septal defectsEndovascular interventionsРабота выполнена при поддержке комплексной программы фундаментальных научных исследований РАН в рамках фундаментальной темы НИИ КПССЗ № 0419-2022-0003 «Разработка новых изделий медицинского назначения для сердечно-сосудистой хирургии. Переход к персонализированной медицине и высокотехнологичному здравоохранению. Создание систем обработки больших объемов данных, машинного обучения и искусственного интеллекта».ReferencesGupta A., Kapoor G., Dalvi B. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2004; 2 (5): 713-719. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2.5.713.Gupta A., Kapoor G., Dalvi B. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2004 Sep; 2 (5): 713-719. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2.5.713.King T.D., Thompson S.L., Steiner C., Mills N.L. Secundum atrial septal defect. Nonoperative closure during cardiac catheterization. JAMA. 1976; 235 (23): 2506-2509.King T.D., Thompson S.L., Steiner C., Mills N.L. Secundum atrial septal defect. Nonoperative closure during cardiac catheterization. JAMA. 1976 Jun 7; 235 (23): 2506-2509.Fischer G., Stieh J., Uebing A., Hoffmann U., Morf G., Kramer H.H. Experience with transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects using the Amplatzer septal occluder: a single centre study in 236 consecutive patients. Heart. 2003; 89 (2): 199-204. doi: 10.1136/heart.89.2.199Fischer G., Stieh J., Uebing A., Hoffmann U., Morf G., Kramer H.H. Experience with transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects using the Amplatzer septal occluder: a single centre study in 236 consecutive patients. Heart. 2003 Feb; 89 (2): 199-204. doi: 10.1136/heart.89.2.199Du Z.D., Hijazi Z.M., Kleinman C.S., Silverman N.H., Larntz K. Amplatzer Investigators. Comparison between transcatheter and surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children and adults: results of a multicenter nonrandomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39 (11): 1836-1844. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01862-4Du Z.D., Hijazi Z.M., Kleinman C.S., Silverman N.H., Larntz K. Amplatzer Investigators. Comparison between transcatheter and surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children and adults: results of a multicenter nonrandomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jun 5; 39 (11): 1836-1844. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01862-4Ziemer G., Haverich A. Cardiac Surgery: operations on the heart and great vessels in adults and children. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2017. 1158 p.Ziemer G., Haverich A. Cardiac Surgery: operations on the heart and great vessels in adults and children. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2017. 1158 p.Edwards J.E. Congenital stenosis of pulmonary veins. Pathologic and developmental considerations. Lab Invest. 1960; 9: 46-66.Edwards J.E. Congenital stenosis of pulmonary veins. Pathologic and developmental considerations. Lab Invest. 1960. Jan-Feb; 9: 46-66.Jacobs J.P., Quintessenza J.A., Burke R.P., Mavroudis C. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: atrial septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000; 69 (4): 18-24. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01233-3.Jacobs J.P., Quintessenza J.A., Burke R.P., Mavroudis C. Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: atrial septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Apr; 69 (4): 18-24. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01233-3.American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Thoracic Surgeons; Bonow R.O., Carabello B.A., Kanu C., de Leon A.C.Jr., Faxon D.P., Freed M.D., et al. ACC/AHA 2020 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2020;114(5):e84-231. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176857.American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD, Gaasch WH, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, O'Gara PT, O'Rourke RA, Otto CM, Shah PM, Shanewise JS, Smith SC Jr, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Page RL, Riegel B. ACC/AHA 2020 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2020 Aug 1;114(5):e84-231. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176857.Бокерия Л.А., Никифоров А.Б., Авраменко А.А., Алекян Б.Г., Белов В.А., Богданов В.Н. и др. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Дефект межпредсердной перегородки. Режим доступа: http://racvs.ru/clinic/files/2020/dmpp.pdf (дата обращения 20.12.2022)[Bokeriya L.A., Nikiforov A.B., Avramenko A.A., Alekyan B.G., Belov V.A., Bogdanov V.N., Boriskov M.V., Borisova N.A., Brodskij A.G., Gavrilov R.YU., Grigoryan A.M., Gladyshev I.V., Gorbatikov K.V., Gorbatyh YU.N., Gulyaev YU.V., Gushchin D.K., Zelenikin M.A., Zelenikin M.M., Ivanov S.N., Kim A.I., Kovalyov I.A., Komissarov M.I., Krivoshchekov E.V., Kupryashov A.A., Levchenko E.G., Lezhnev A.A., Movsesyan R.R., Moiseeva O.M., Nalimov K.A., Petrushenko D.YU., Plotnikov M.V. Podoksenov A.YU., Pursanov M.G., Svobodov A.A., Sinel'nikov YU.S.,Teplov P.V., Trunina I. I., CHernogrivov A.E., SHekhmamet'ev R.M., YAkovleva A.N. Klinicheskie rekomendacii 2020. Defekt mezhpredserdnoj peregorodki. [Clinical Guidelines 2020. Atrial septal defect]. Available at: http://racvs.ru/clinic/files/2020/dmpp.pdf (accessed 20.12.2022) (In Russ.)Pearlman A.S., Borer J.S., Clark C.E., Henry W.L., Redwood D.R., Morrow A.G., Epstein S.E. Abnormal right ventricular size and ventricular septal motion after atrial septal defect closure: etiology and functional significance. Am J Cardiol. 1978; 41(2): 295-301. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90168-6Pearlman A.S., Borer J.S., Clark C.E., Henry W.L., Redwood D.R., Morrow A.G., Epstein S.E. Abnormal right ventricular size and ventricular septal motion after atrial septal defect closure: etiology and functional significance. Am J Cardiol. 1978 Feb; 41(2): 295-301. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90168-6Jung S.Y., Choi J.Y. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect: principles and available devices. J Thorac Dis. 2018; 10 (Suppl 24): S2909-2922. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2018.02.19Jung S.Y., Choi J.Y. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect: principles and available devices. J Thorac Dis. 2018 Sep; 10 (Suppl 24): S2909-2922. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2018.02.19Johri A.M, Witzke C., Solis J., Palacios I.F., Inglessis I., Picard M.H., Passeri J.J. Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in patients with secundum atrial septal defects: outcomes following transcatheter closure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2011; 24 (4): 431-437. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.12.01Johri A.M, Witzke C., Solis J., Palacios I.F., Inglessis I., Picard M.H., Passeri J.J. Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in patients with secundum atrial septal defects: outcomes following transcatheter closure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2011 Apr; 24 (4): 431-437. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.12.01Silvestry F.E., Cohen M.S., Armsby L.B., Burkule N.J., Fleishman C.E., Hijazi Z.M., Lang R.M., Rome J.J., Wang Y; American Society of Echocardiography; Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale: From the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015; 28 (8): 910-958. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.05.015.Silvestry F.E., Cohen M.S., Armsby L.B., Burkule N.J., Fleishman C.E., Hijazi Z.M., Lang R.M., Rome J.J., Wang Y; American Society of Echocardiography; Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale: From the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015 Aug; 28 (8): 910-958. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.05.015.Szkutnik M., Masura J., Bialkowski J., Gavora P., Banaszak P., Kusa J., Zembala M. Transcatheter closure of double atrial septal defects with a single Amplatzer device. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004; 61 (2): 237-241. doi: 10.1002/ccd.10753Szkutnik M., Masura J., Bialkowski J., Gavora P., Banaszak P., Kusa J., Zembala M. Transcatheter closure of double atrial septal defects with a single Amplatzer device. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004 Feb; 61 (2): 237-241. doi: 10.1002/ccd.10753Ewert P., Berger F., Vogel M., Dähnert I., Alexi-Meshkishvili V., Lange P.E. Morphology of perforated atrial septal aneurysm suitable for closure by transcatheter device placement. Heart. 2000; 84 (3): 327-331. doi: 10.1136/heart.84.3.327Ewert P., Berger F., Vogel M., Dähnert I., Alexi-Meshkishvili V., Lange P.E. Morphology of perforated atrial septal aneurysm suitable for closure by transcatheter device placement. Heart. 2000 Sep; 84 (3): 327-331. doi: 10.1136/heart.84.3.327Suárez De Lezo J., Medina A., Pan M., Romero M., Segura J., Pavlovic D., Hernández E., Delgado A., Caballero E., Siles J.R., Franco M., Mesa D., Lafuente M. Transcatheter occlusion of complex atrial septal defects. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2000; 51 (1): 33-41. doi: 10.1002/1522-726x(200009)51:1<33::aid-ccd9>3.0.co;2-5Suárez De Lezo J., Medina A., Pan M., Romero M., Segura J., Pavlovic D., Hernández E., Delgado A., Caballero E., Siles J.R., Franco M., Mesa D., Lafuente M. Transcatheter occlusion of complex atrial septal defects. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2000 Sep; 51 (1): 33-41. doi: 10.1002/1522-726x(200009)51:1<33::aid-ccd9>3.0.co;2-5Bramlet M.T., Hoyer M.H. Single pediatric center experience with multiple device implantation for complex secundum atrial septal defects. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008; 72 (4): 531-537. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21668Bramlet M.T., Hoyer M.H. Single pediatric center experience with multiple device implantation for complex secundum atrial septal defects. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008 Oct 1; 72 (4): 531-537. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21668Butera G., Romagnoli E., Saliba Z., Chessa M., Sangiorgi G., Giamberti A., Cappato R., Bussadori C., Abella R., Pelissero G., Frigiola A., Carminati M. Percutaneous closure of multiple defects of the atrial septum: procedural results and long-term follow-up. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010; 76 (1): 121-128. doi: 10.1002/ccd.22435Butera G., Romagnoli E., Saliba Z., Chessa M., Sangiorgi G., Giamberti A., Cappato R., Bussadori C., Abella R., Pelissero G., Frigiola A., Carminati M. Percutaneous closure of multiple defects of the atrial septum: procedural results and long-term follow-up. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Jul 1; 76 (1): 121-128. doi: 10.1002/ccd.22435Wang Z., Zhan Y., Jin J., Wu T., Zhang S., Qiu H, Wang Q, Wu R. Individualized Experience With Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Multiple Atrial Septal Defects: A Single-Center Study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021; 8: 628322. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.628322.Song Z.Y., He G.X., Shu M.Q., Hu H.Y., Tong S.F., Ran B.L., Liu J.P., Li Y.H., Jing T. Clinical efficiency and safety analysis of transcatheter closure of multiple atrial septal defects in adults. Clin Cardiol. 2009 Mar; 32 (3): 130-134. doi: 10.1002/clc.20450Harper R.W., Mottram P.M., McGaw D.J. Closure of secundum atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder device: techniques and problems. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2002; 57 (4): 508-524. doi: 10.1002/ccd.10353Harper R.W., Mottram P.M., McGaw D.J. Closure of secundum atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder device: techniques and problems. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2002 Dec; 57 (4): 508-524. doi: 10.1002/ccd.10353Yang Y., Xu Z., Jiang S., Zhao S., Zhang G., Jin J., Hu H., Yang K., Zheng H., Zhou X.L. Simultaneous Transcatheter Closure of Multiple Atrial Septal Defects Using Dual Amplatzer Septal Occluder Devices. Am J Med Sci. 2016; 352 (3): 245-251. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.05.029Yang Y., Xu Z., Jiang S., Zhao S., Zhang G., Jin J., Hu H., Yang K., Zheng H., Zhou X.L. Simultaneous Transcatheter Closure of Multiple Atrial Septal Defects Using Dual Amplatzer Septal Occluder Devices. Am J Med Sci. 2016 Sep; 352 (3): 245-251. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.05.029He L., Cheng G.S., Du Y.J., Zhang Y.S. Feasibility of Device Closure for Multiple Atrial Septal Defects With an Inferior Sinus Venosus Defect: Procedural Planning Using Three-Dimensional Printed Models. Heart Lung Circ. 2020; 29 (6): 914-920. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.07.004He L., Cheng G.S., Du Y.J., Zhang Y.S. Feasibility of Device Closure for Multiple Atrial Septal Defects With an Inferior Sinus Venosus Defect: Procedural Planning Using Three-Dimensional Printed Models. Heart Lung Circ. 2020 Jun; 29 (6): 914-920. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.07.004Cilingiroglu M., Marmagkiolis K. Percutaneous closure of multiple atrial septal defects: do we have the ideal device yet? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013; 81 (7): 1243. doi: 10.1002/ccd.24966Cilingiroglu M., Marmagkiolis K. Percutaneous closure of multiple atrial septal defects: do we have the ideal device yet? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Jun 1; 81 (7): 1243. doi: 10.1002/ccd.24966Du Z.D., Hijazi Z.M., Kleinman C.S., Silverman N.H., Larntz K. Amplatzer Investigators. Comparison between transcatheter and surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children and adults: results of a multicenter nonrandomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39 (11): 1836-1844. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01862-4Du Z.D., Hijazi Z.M., Kleinman C.S., Silverman N.H., Larntz K. Amplatzer Investigators. Comparison between transcatheter and surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children and adults: results of a multicenter nonrandomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jun 5; 39 (11): 1836-1844. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01862-4Jones T.K., Latson L.A., Zahn E., Fleishman C.E., Jacobson J., Vincent R., Kanter K. Multicenter Pivotal Study of the HELEX Septal Occluder Investigators. Results of the U.S. multicenter pivotal study of the HELEX septal occluder for percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49 (22): 2215-2221. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.11.053Jones T.K., Latson L.A., Zahn E., Fleishman C.E., Jacobson J., Vincent R., Kanter K. Multicenter Pivotal Study of the HELEX Septal Occluder Investigators. Results of the U.S. multicenter pivotal study of the HELEX septal occluder for percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Jun 5; 49 (22): 2215-2221. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.11.053Fiarresga A., De Sousa L., Martins J.D., Ramos R., Paramés F., Freitas I., Oliveira J.A., Trigo C., Agapito A, Ferreira R.C., Pinto F. Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects: a decade of experience at a reference center. Rev Port Cardiol. 2010; 29 (5): 767-780.Fiarresga A., De Sousa L., Martins J.D., Ramos R., Paramés F., Freitas I., Oliveira J.A., Trigo C., Agapito A, Ferreira R.C., Pinto F. Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects: a decade of experience at a reference center. Rev Port Cardiol. 2010 May; 29 (5): 767-780.Spence M.S., Qureshi S.A. Complications of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects. Heart. 2005; 91 (12): 1512-1514. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2004.057562Spence M.S., Qureshi S.A. Complications of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects. Heart. 2005 Dec; 91 (12): 1512-1514. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2004.057562Roos-Hesselink J.W., Meijboom F.J., Spitaels S.E., van Domburg R., van Rijen E.H., Utens E.M., Bogers A.J., Simoons M.L. Excellent survival and low incidence of arrhythmias, stroke and heart failure long-term after surgical ASD closure at young age. A prospective follow-up study of 21-33 years. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24 (2): 190-197. doi: 10.1016/s0195-668x(02)00383-4Roos-Hesselink J.W., Meijboom F.J., Spitaels S.E., van Domburg R., van Rijen E.H., Utens E.M., Bogers A.J., Simoons M.L. Excellent survival and low incidence of arrhythmias, stroke and heart failure long-term after surgical ASD closure at young age. A prospective follow-up study of 21-33 years. Eur Heart J. 2003 Jan; 24 (2): 190-197. doi: 10.1016/s0195-668x(02)00383-4Baskett R.J., Tancock E., Ross D.B. The gold standard for atrial septal defect closure: current surgical results, with an emphasis on morbidity. Pediatr Cardiol. 2003; 24 (5): 444-447. doi: 10.1007/s00246-002-0131-6Baskett R.J., Tancock E., Ross D.B. The gold standard for atrial septal defect closure: current surgical results, with an emphasis on morbidity. Pediatr Cardiol. 2003 Sep-Oct; 24 (5): 444-447. doi: 10.1007/s00246-002-0131-6Chessa M. Carminati M., Butera G., Bini R.M., Drago M., Rosti L., Giamberti A., Pomè G., Bossone E., Frigiola A. Early and late complications associated with transcatheter occlusion of secundum atrial septal defect. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39 (6): 1061-1065. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01711-4Chessa M. Carminati M., Butera G., Bini R.M., Drago M., Rosti L., Giamberti A., Pomè G., Bossone E., Frigiola A. Early and late complications associated with transcatheter occlusion of secundum atrial septal defect. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Mar 20; 39 (6): 1061-1065. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01711-4Spies C., Khandelwal A., Timmermanns I., Schräder R. Incidence of atrial fibrillation following transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in adults. Am J Cardiol. 2008; 102 (7): 902-906. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.05.045.Spies C., Khandelwal A., Timmermanns I., Schräder R. Incidence of atrial fibrillation following transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in adults. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Oct 1; 102 (7): 902-906. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.05.045.Amin Z., Hijazi Z.M., Bass J.L., Cheatham J.P., Hellenbrand W.E., Kleinman C.S. Erosion of Amplatzer septal occluder device after closure of secundum atrial septal defects: review of registry of complications and recommendations to minimize future risk. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004; 63 (4): 496-502. doi: 10.1002/ccd.20211Amin Z., Hijazi Z.M., Bass J.L., Cheatham J.P., Hellenbrand W.E., Kleinman C.S. Erosion of Amplatzer septal occluder device after closure of secundum atrial septal defects: review of registry of complications and recommendations to minimize future risk. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004 Dec; 63 (4): 496-502. doi: 10.1002/ccd.20211

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.