<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2023-12-4S-162-172</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Кардиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW. Cardiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2-ГО ТИПА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS OF HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-8357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванченко</surname><given-names>Вера Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanchenko</surname><given-names>Vera S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук ассистент кафедры внутренней медицины № 1 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинского института им. С.И. Георгиевского федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского», Симферополь, Республика Крым, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No 1, Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky V.I. Vernadsky, Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vera.ivanchenko.89@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-1204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагарина</surname><given-names>Алина Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagarina</surname><given-names>Alina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук доцент кафедры внутренней медицины № 1 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинского института им. С.И. Георгиевского федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского», Симферополь, Республика Крым, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No 1, Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky V.I. Vernadsky, Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alinaga2019@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горянская</surname><given-names>Ирина Ярославовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goryanskaya</surname><given-names>Irina Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук доцент кафедры внутренней медицины № 1 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинского института им. С.И. Георгиевского федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского», Симферополь, Республика Крым, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD., Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No 1, Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky V.I. Vernadsky, Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina_gor@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-9199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатова</surname><given-names>Ольга Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук ассистент кафедры внутренней медицины № 1 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинского института им. С.И. Георгиевского федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского», Симферополь, Республика Крым, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No 1, Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky V.I. Vernadsky, Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgasolda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушаков</surname><given-names>Алексей Витальевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор заведующий кафедрой внутренней медицины № 1 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Медицинского института им. С.И. Георгиевского федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского», Симферополь, Республика Крым, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No 1, Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky V.I. Vernadsky, Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ushakovav88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 4, Academician Vernadsky Ave.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4S</issue><issue-title>приложение</issue-title><fpage>162</fpage><lpage>172</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванченко В.С., Гагарина А.А., Горянская И.Я., Солдатова О.В., Ушаков А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванченко В.С., Гагарина А.А., Горянская И.Я., Солдатова О.В., Ушаков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanchenko V.S., Gagarina A.A., Goryanskaya I.Y., Soldatova O.V., Ushakov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1291">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1291</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p><p>Представлена актуальная информация о вкладе сахарного диабета 2-го типа в развитие и прогрессирование хронической сердечной недостаточности. В обзоре освещены ключевые механизмы патогенеза хронической сердечной недостаточности, связанные с изменениями энергетического метаболизма кардиомиоцитов.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме</p><p>Сахарный диабет 2-го типа (СД2) – один из основных факторов риска, значительно ухудшающих прогноз хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) и повышающих вероятность фатальных сердечно-сосудистых событий. Особенностью течения ХСН на фоне СД2 является сочетание целого кластера факторов риска быстрого развития и прогрессирования атеросклероза, а также многочисленных комбинаций нейрогуморальных, молекулярных и гистологических изменений, не связанных с атерогенезом, что в комплексе обусловливает высокий рост кардиоваскулярных осложнений и декомпенсации ХСН. В данном обзоре рассмаотрены ключевые механизмы, лежащие в основе формирования ХСН при СД2, в частности особое внимание уделено изменениям энергетического метаболизма в миокарде и процессам клеточной смерти кардиомиоцитов, обсуждена значимость эпигенетических факторов в развитии и прогрессировании ХСН у больных СД2.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights </p><p>The review presents up-to-date data on the contribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus to the development and progression of heart failure. The review highlights the key mechanisms of the pathogenesis of heart failure associated with changes in the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors that significantly worsen the prognosis of heart failure and increases the probability of fatal cardiovascular events. The development of heart failure in diabetic patients involves a great number of risk factors for the rapid progression of atherosclerosis, as well as numerous combinations of neurohumoral, molecular and histological changes not associated with atherogenesis, which interconnection results in cardiovascular complications and heart failure decompensation. This review discusses the key mechanisms underlying development of heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus, in particular, special attention is paid to cardiomyocyte energy metabolism, cardiomyocyte death, and the significance of epigenetic factors in progression of chronic heart failure.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>Сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>Патогенез</kwd><kwd>Липотоксичность</kwd><kwd>Инсулинорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Heart failure</kwd><kwd>Diabetes</kwd><kwd>Pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>Lipotoxicity</kwd><kwd>Insulin resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы заявляют об отсутствие финансирования исследования.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021.Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/ (accessed 23.11.2023)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021; Available from: https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И. И., Шестакова М. В., Викулова О. К., Железнякова А.В., Исаков М.А.Эпидемиологические характеристики сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: клинико-статистический анализ по данным регистра сахарного диабета на 01.01.2021. Сахарный диабет. 2021; 24 (3): 204-221. doi: 10.14341/DM12759</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus in the Russian Federation: clinical and statistical analysis according to the Federal diabetes register data of 01.01.2021. Diabetes Mellitus. 2021;24(3):204-221. (In Russ.) doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12759</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vetrone L.M., Zaccardi F., Webb D.R., Seidu S., Gholap N.N., Pitocco D., Davies M.J., Khunti K. Cardiovascular and mortality events in type 2 diabetes cardiovascular outcomes trials: a systematic review with trend analysis. Acta Diabetol. 2019; 56(3): 331-339. doi: 10.1007/s00592-018-1253-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vetrone LM, Zaccardi F, Webb DR, et al. Cardiovascular and mortality events in type 2 diabetes cardiovascular outcomes trials: a systematic review with trend analysis. Acta Diabetol. 2019; 56(3): 331-339. doi: 10.1007/s00592-018-1253-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh R.M., Waqar T., Howarth F.C. Adeghate E., Bidasee K., Singh J. Hyperglycemia-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in the diabetic heart. Heart failure reviews. 2018; 23(1): 37-54. doi: 10.1007/s10741-017-9663-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh RM, Waqar T, Howarth FC, et al. Hyperglycemia-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in the diabetic heart. Heart failure reviews. 2018; 23(1): 37-54. doi: 10.1007/s10741-017-9663-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan Y., Zhang Z., Zheng C., Wintergerst K.A., Keller B.B., Cai L. Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020; 17(9): 585-607. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0339-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, et al. Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020; 17(9): 585-607. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0339-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gollmer J., Zirlik A., Bugger H. Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2019; 8(1): 26-47. doi: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler. 2019; 8(1): 26-47. doi: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahmood S.S., Levy D., Vasan R.S., Wang T.J. The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective. Lancet. 2014; 383(9921): 999-1008. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61752-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahmood SS, Levy D, Vasan RS, et al. The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective. Lancet. 2014; 383(9921): 999-1008. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61752-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Athithan L., Gulsin G.S., McCann G.P., Levelt E. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, theories and evidence to date. World J Diabetes. 2019; 10(10): 490-510. doi:10.4239/wjd.v10.i10.490</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Athithan L, Gulsin GS, McCann GP, et al. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, theories and evidence to date. World J Diabetes. 2019; 10(10): 490-510. doi:10.4239/wjd.v10.i10.490</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Y.J., Zhong C.B., Wu W. Resveratrol and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Focusing on the Protective Signaling Mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020; 2020: 7051845. doi: 10.1155/2020/7051845.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song YJ, Zhong CB, Wu W. Resveratrol and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Focusing on the Protective Signaling Mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020; 2020: 7051845. doi: 10.1155/2020/7051845.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang X., Liu G., Guo J., Su Z. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Sci. 2018; 14(11): 1483-1496. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.27173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang X, Liu G, Guo J, et al. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Sci. 2018; 14(11): 1483-1496. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.27173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan R., Wang Y., Shi M., Xiao Y., Liu L., Liu L., Guo B. Regulation of PTEN/AKT/FAK pathways by PPARγ impacts on fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem. 2019; 120(5): 6998-7014. doi: 10.1002/jcb.27937.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan R, Wang Y, Shi M, et al. Regulation of PTEN/AKT/FAK pathways by PPARγ impacts on fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2019; 120(5): 6998-7014. doi: 10.1002/jcb.27937.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bohannon B.M., de la Cruz A., Wu X., Jowais J.J., Perez M.E., Dykxhoorn D.M., Liin S.I., Larsson H.P. Polyunsaturated fatty acid analogues differentially affect cardiac NaV, CaV, and KV channels through unique mechanisms. Elife. 2020; 9: e51453. doi: 10.7554/eLife.51453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bohannon BM, de la Cruz A, Wu X, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acid analogues differentially affect cardiac NaV, CaV, and KV channels through unique mechanisms. Elife. 2020; 9: e51453. doi: 10.7554/eLife.51453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C.H., Wei Y.H. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24(1): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-017-0375-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang CH, Wei YH. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24(1): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-017-0375-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Packer M. Differential Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Heart Failure With a Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction in Diabetes. JACC Heart Fail. 2021; 9(8): 535-549. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.05.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Packer M. Differential Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Heart Failure With a Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction in Diabetes. JACC Heart Fail. 2021; 9(8): 535-549. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.05.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu J., Yu M.G., Li Q., Park K., King G.L. Insulin's actions on vascular tissues: Physiological effects and pathophysiological contributions to vascular complications of diabetes. Mol Metab. 2021; 52: 101236. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu J, Yu MG, Li Q, et al. Insulin's actions on vascular tissues: Physiological effects and pathophysiological contributions to vascular complications of diabetes. Mol Metab. 2021; 52: 101236. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaludercic N., Di Lisa F. Mitochondrial ROS Formation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020; 7: 12. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F. Mitochondrial ROS Formation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020; 7: 12. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Geest B., Mishra M. Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022; 11(4): 784. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040784</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Geest B, Mishra M. Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022; 11(4): 784. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040784</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ighodaro O.M. Molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Biomed. Pharm. 2018; 108: 656–662. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.058</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ighodaro O.M. Molecular pathways associated with oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Biomed. Pharm. 2018; 108: 656–662. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.058</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абашова Е.И., Ярмолинская М.И., Булгакова О.Л. Роль конечных продуктов гликирования в репродукции. Проблемы репродукции. 2019; 25(4): 13‑20. doi: 10.17116/repro20192504113</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abashova E.I., Yarmolinskaya M.I., Bulgakova O.L. The role of advanced glycation end products in reproduction. Problems of reproductology. 2019; 25(4): 13‑20. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/repro20192504113</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Q., Dai H., Jiang S., Yu L. Advanced glycation end products in diabetic retinopathy and phytochemical therapy. Front Nutr. 2022; 9: 1037186. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1037186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Q, Dai H, Jiang S, et al. Advanced glycation end products in diabetic retinopathy and phytochemical therapy. Front Nutr. 2022; 9: 1037186. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1037186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen X., Zhang L., He H., Sun Y., Shen Q., Shi L. Increased O-GlcNAcylation induces myocardial hypertrophy. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2020; 56(9): 735-743. doi: 10.1007/s11626-020-00503-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen X, Zhang L, He H, et al. Increased O-GlcNAcylation induces myocardial hypertrophy. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2020; 56(9): 735-743. doi: 10.1007/s11626-020-00503-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сваровская А.В., Гарганеева А.А. Сахарный диабет 2 типа и сердечная недостаточность — современный взгляд на механизмы развития. Сахарный диабет. 2022; 25(3): 267-274. doi: doi.org/10.14341/DM12648</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svarovskaya AV, Garganeeva AA. Diabetes mellitus and heart failure — a modern look at the mechanisms of development. Diabetes Mellitus. 2022; 25(3): 267-274. (In Russ.) doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12648</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salvatore T., Pafundi P.C., Galiero R., Albanese G., Di Martino A., Caturano A., Vetrano E., Rinaldi L., Sasso F.C. The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 695792. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salvatore T, Pafundi PC, Galiero R, et al. The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021; 8: 695792. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh R.M., Waqar T., Howarth F.C., Adeghate E., Bidasee K., Singh J. Hyperglycemia-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in the diabetic heart. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 23(1): 37-54. doi:10.1007/s10741-017-9663-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh RM, Waqar T, Howarth FC, et al. Hyperglycemia-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction in the diabetic heart. Heart Fail Rev 2018; 23(1): 37-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10741-017-9663-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaitán-González P., Sánchez-Hernández R., Arias-Montaño J.A., Rueda A. Tale of two kinases: Protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes. 2021; 15; 12(10):1704-1718. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaitán-González P, Sánchez-Hernández R, Arias-Montaño JA, et al. Tale of two kinases: Protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes. 2021; 15; 12(10):1704-1718. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hegyi B., Bers D.M., Bossuyt J. CaMKII signaling in heart diseases: Emerging role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2019; 127: 246-259. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hegyi B, Bers DM, Bossuyt J. CaMKII signaling in heart diseases: Emerging role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2019; 127: 246-259. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Arcy M.S. Cell death: A review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43(6): 582-92. doi:10.1002/cbin.11137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Arcy MS. Cell death: A review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43(6): 582-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Hua Y., Li X., Arslan I.M., Zhang W., Meng G. Distinct Types of Cell Death and the Implication in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 42. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y, Hua Y, Li X, et al. Distinct Types of Cell Death and the Implication in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 42. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gu J., Wang S., Guo H., Tan Y., Liang Y., Feng A., Liu Q., Damodaran C., Zhang Z., Keller B.B., Zhang C., Cai L. Inhibition of p53 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing early-stage apoptosis and cell senescence, reduced glycolysis, and impaired angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis. 2018; 9(2): 82. doi: 10.1038/s41419-017-0093-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gu J, Wang S, Guo H, et al. Inhibition of p53 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing early-stage apoptosis and cell senescence, reduced glycolysis, and impaired angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis. 2018; 9(2): 82. doi: 10.1038/s41419-017-0093-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Pan J., Liu D., Zhang M., Li X., Tian J., Liu M., Jin T., An F. Nicorandil alleviates apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2019; 23(8): 5349-5359. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X, Pan J, Liu D, et al. Nicorandil alleviates apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2019; 23(8): 5349-5359. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Del Re D.P., Amgalan D., Linkermann A., Liu Q., Kitsis R.N. Fundamental mechanisms of regulated cell death and implications for heart disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99(4): 1765-817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00022.2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Del Re DP, Amgalan D, Linkermann A, et al. Fundamental mechanisms of regulated cell death and implications for heart disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99(4): 1765-817.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00022.2018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сазонова Е.Н., Гусев И.А. Роль аутофагии кардиомиоцитов в морфогенезе сердца и механизмах кардиопротекции. Дальневосточный медицинский журнал. 2021; 3: 95-102. doi:10.35177/1994-5191-2021-3-95-102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sazonova EN, Gusev IA. The role of cardiomyocytes autophagia in heart morphogenesis and mechanisms of cardioprotection. Far Eastern Medical Journal. 2021; 3: 95-102. (In Russ.) http://dx.doi.org/10.35177/1994-5191-2021-3-95-102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhattacharya D., Mukhopadhyay M., Bhattacharyya M., Karmakar P. Is autophagy associated with diabetes mellitus and its complications? A review. EXCLI J 2018; 17: 709-20. doi: 10.17179/excli2018-1353.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhattacharya D, Mukhopadhyay M, Bhattacharyya M, et al. Is autophagy associated with diabetes mellitus and its complications? A review. EXCLI J 2018; 17: 709-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2018-1353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Wang Y., Zou M., Chen C., Chen Y., Xue R., Dong Y., Liu C. AMPK blunts chronic heart failure by inhibiting autophagy. BiosciRep 2018; 38(4): BSR20170982. doi: 10.1042/BSR20170982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Wang Y, Zou M, et al. AMPK blunts chronic heart failure by inhibiting autophagy. BiosciRep 2018; 38(4): BSR20170982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20170982</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi R.H., Tatum S.M., Symons J.D., Summers S.A., Holland W.L. Ceramides and other sphingolipids as drivers of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021; 18(10): 701-711. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00536-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi RH, Tatum SM, Symons JD, et al. Ceramides and other sphingolipids as drivers of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021; 18(10): 701-711. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00536-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dewanjee S., Vallamkondu J., Kalra R.S., John A., Reddy P.H., Kandimalla R. Autophagy in the diabetic heart: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ageing Res Rev. 2021; 68: 101338. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101338</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, et al. Autophagy in the diabetic heart: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ageing Res Rev. 2021; 68: 101338. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101338</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жиров И.В., Баулина Н.М., Насонова С.Н., Осьмак Г.Ж., Матвеева Н.А., Миндзаев Д.Р., Фаворова О.О., Терещенко С.Н. Полнотранскриптомный анализ экспрессии микроРНК в мононуклеарных клетках у пациентов с острой декомпенсацией хронической сердечной недостаточности различной этиологии. Терапевтический архив. 2019; 91(9): 62-67. doi:10.26442/00403660.2019.09.000294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhirov IV, Baulina NM, Nasonova SN, et al. Full-transcriptome analysis of miRNA expression in mononuclear cells in patients with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure of various etiologies. Therapeutic archive. 2019;91(9):62-67. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.09.000294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang X., Li X., Lin Q., Xu Q. Up-regulation of microRNA-203 inhibits myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via PIK3CA. Gene. 2019; 5; 715:143995. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang X, Li X, Lin Q, et al. Up-regulation of microRNA-203 inhibits myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via PIK3CA. Gene. 2019; 5; 715:143995. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gholaminejad A., Zare N., Dana N., Shafie D., Mani A., Javanmard S.H.A meta-analysis of microRNA expression profiling studies in heart failure. Heart FailRev. 2021; 26(4): 997-1021. doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-10071-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gholaminejad A, Zare N, Dana N, et al. A meta-analysis of microRNA expression profiling studies in heart failure. Heart FailRev. 2021; 26(4): 997-1021. doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-10071-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Швангирадзе ТА, Бондаренко И.З., Трошина Е.А., Шестакова М.В., Ильин А.В., Никанкина Л.В., Карпухин А.В., Музаффарова Т.А., Кипкеева Ф.М., Гришина К.А., Кузеванова А.Ю. Профиль микроРНК, ассоциированных с ИБС, у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2016; 13(4): 34-38. doi: 10.14341/OMET2016434-38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvangiradze TA, Bondarenko IZ, Troshina EA, et al. Profile of microRNAs associated with coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obesity and metabolism. 2016; 13(4): 34-38. (In Russ.) doi: 10.14341/OMET2016434-38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritchie R.H., Abel E.D. Basic Mechanisms of Diabetic Heart Disease. Circ Res. 2020; 126(11): 1501-1525. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.315913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritchie RH, Abel ED. Basic Mechanisms of Diabetic Heart Disease. Circ Res. 2020 May 22; 126(11): 1501-1525. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.315913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
