kpcczКомплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийComplex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases2306-12782587-9537Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”10.17802/2306-1278-2015-3-12-22kpccz-135Research ArticleФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ОРГАНОВ КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯFUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASESИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДА ЭЛЕКТРОСПИННИНГА В СОЗДАНИИ БИОДЕГРАДИРУЕМЫХ СОСУДИСТЫХ ГРАФТОВ МАЛОГО ДИАМЕТРА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ (ОБЗОР)ELECTROSPINNING AND BIODEGRADABLE SMALL-DIAMETER VASCULAR GRAFTS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (REVIEW)АнтоноваЛариса ВалерьевнаAntonovaLarisa V.

650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, д. 6

6, Sosnoviy blvd., Kemerovo, 650002

antolv@kemcardio.ruМатвееваВ. Г.MatveevaV. G.

650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, д. 6

6, Sosnoviy blvd., Kemerovo, 650002

БарбарашЛ. С.BarbarashL. S.

650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, д. 6

6, Sosnoviy blvd., Kemerovo, 650002

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesRussian Federation201524112015031222Copyright © Антонова Л.В., Матвеева В.Г., Барбараш Л.С., 20152015Антонова Л.В., Матвеева В.Г., Барбараш Л.С.Antonova L.V., Matveeva V.G., Barbarash L.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/135

В обзоре представлены основные тенденции, которых придерживаются современные ученые при создании тканеинженерных сосудистых графтов (ТИСГ). В последние годы активно ведутся работы, направленные на создание «готовых к использованию» графтов для нужд экстренной сосудистой хирургии, способных поддерживать клеточную миграцию, пролиферацию и жизнеспособность в условиях организма. Для этого разрабатываются высокопористые трубчатые конструкции с максимальным сходством архитектоники поверхностей со структурой внеклеточного матрикса с целью скорейшего и эффективного заселения конструкции собственными клетками после имплантации в сосудистое русло. Высокопористые конструкции на основе нано- и микроволокон способны стимулировать воссоздание собственного эндотелиального монослоя на внутренней поверхности и образование ткани de novo в толще стенок трубчатых конструкций за счет миграции собственных клеточных элементов из крови и окружающих тканей.

Популярным материалом для изготовления каркасов будущих ТИСГ являются биосовместимые биорезорбируемые полимеры, а наиболее популярным методом изготовления – метод электроспиннинга, позволяющий получать высокопористые сосудистые графты разного диаметра с различными прочностными характеристиками. Однако в процессе электроспиннинга из нано- и микроразмерных нитей формируются поры, размер которых зачастую недостаточен для миграции и пролиферации собственных клеток в толщу стенки графта после его имплантации в сосудистое русло. Поэтому в обзоре дополнительно освещены подходы по увеличению пор матриксов, изготовленных методом электроспиннинга.

This review describes the main trends in the creation of tissue-engineered vascular grafts. These grafts are intended for use in urgent vascular surgery. Therefore, they should be ready-to-use and be able to sustain cell migration, proliferation, and viability in vivo. To achieve this aim, various research groups attempt to develop highly porous tubular constructs with surface architectonics similar to the extracellular matrix structure. This promotes a colonization of this construct by the host cells after the vascular implantation. Highly porous constructs made of nano- and microfibers are able to enhance the restoration of the endothelial monolayer on the inner surface and de novo tissue formation in the walls due to migration of cells from the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. Biocompatible biodegradable polymers are frequently used as a material for the scaffolds of tissue-engineered vascular grafts; electrospinning is the most widespread technique for the preparation of highly porous vascular grafts. However, pore size is often not enough for efficient cell migration and proliferation after the vascular implantation. Therefore, we focused on techniques for increasing the pore size.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.