kpcczКомплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийComplex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases2306-12782587-9537Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”10.17802/2306-1278-2023-12-4-133-148kpccz-1356Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. КардиологияREVIEW. CardiologyТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВИРТУАЛЬНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ ДЛЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ КОГНИТИВНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ И КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ: ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ИШЕМИЕЙ МОЗГАUSE OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES TO RESTORE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS AND QUALITY OF LIFE: AN APPLICATION FOR CARDIAC PATIENTS WITH BRAIN ISCHEMIAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9404РазумниковаОльга МихайловнаRazumnikovaOlga M.

доктор биологических наук профессор кафедры психологии и педагогики федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный технический университет», Новосибирск, Российская федерация

PhD, Professor at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

razoum@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-8033ТрубниковаОльга АлександровнаTrubnikovaOlga A.

доктор медицинских наук заведующая лабораторией нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская федерация

MD, PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский государственный технический университет»РоссияNovosibirsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”Russian Federation202325122023124133148Copyright © Разумникова О.М., Трубникова О.А., 20232023Разумникова О.М., Трубникова О.А.Razumnikova O.M., Trubnikova O.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1356Основные положения

Основные положения

Представлен обзор публикаций о программах нейро- и кардиореабилитации с использованием технологий виртуальной реальности. Для улучшения качества жизни пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца наиболее эффективна тренировка с помощью многозадачности и совмещения когнитивной и физической нагрузки с применением интерактивных сценариев. Для снижения тревожности и стресса перспективна экотерапия в виртуальной среде.

 

 

В обзоре представлены публикации о программах нейро- и кардиореабилитации с использованием технологий виртуальной реальности, включающих интеграцию мультисенсорных и мультидоменных заданий, а также метаанализ таких исследований. Технологии виртуальной реальности позволяют моделировать интерактивные сценарии для имитации активной деятельности с заданными визуальными, тактильными и кинестетическими ощущениями и их коррекцией в соответствии с потребностями различных пользователей. При разработке программ на основе технологий виртуальной реальности необходимо учитывать степень погружения пользователей в виртуальную среду и симптомы киберболезни. Результаты метаобзоров свидетельствуют о необходимости исследований в данном направлении вследствие большого разнообразия программ реабилитации, используемых показателей когнитивных функций и состояния здоровья у привлеченных к тренировке разнородных популяций здоровых лиц и кардиологических пациентов.

Для нейро- и кардиореабилитации наиболее эффективна тренировка с использованием многозадачности и совмещения когнитивной и физической нагрузок на основе технологий виртуальной реальности. Для снижения тревожности и стресса перспективна экотерапия в виртуальной среде.

Highlights

Highlights

We present an overview of publications on neurological and cardiac rehabilitation programs using virtual reality technologies. Training that involves multitasking and combining cognitive and physical tasks with interactive scenarios is most effective in terms of the improvement of the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease. Ecotherapy in virtual environment is a promising way to reduce anxiety and stress.

 

 

The review presents the analysis of publications focused on neurological and cardiac rehabilitation programs using virtual reality technologies (VRT), involving the integration of multisensory and multidomain tasks, as well as a meta-analysis of such studies. It is shown that VRTs make it possible to simulate interactive scenarios for simulating vigorous activity with given visual, tactile and kinesthetic sensations and with the appropriate correction in accordance with the needs of various users. It is noted that when developing programs based on VRT, it is necessary to take into account the degree of immersion of users in the virtual environment and symptoms of virtual reality sickness.

The analysis of meta-reviews of published articles indicates the need to continue research in this field due to the wide variety of rehabilitation programs, used indicators of cognitive functions and health status in heterogeneous populations of healthy individuals and cardiac patients involved in training.

The results obtained allow us to conclude that neurological and cardiac rehabilitation is the most effective when it involves training with multitasking and combined cognitive and physical tasks in VR. Ecotherapy in virtual environment is a promising way to reduce anxiety and stress.

Технологии виртуальной реальностиКогнитивный тренингКардиореабилитацияЭкотерапияВниманиеПамятьКачество жизниVirtual reality technologiesCognitive trainingCardiac rehabilitationEcotherapyAttentionMemoryQuality of lifeИсследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда проект № 23-15-00379, https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00379/ReferencesРазумникова О.М. Закономерности старения мозга и способы активации его компенсаторных ресурсов. Успехи физиол. наук. 2015; 46 (2): 3–16Razumnikova O.M. Effects of aging brain and activation methods of its compensatory resources. Progress in Physiological Science. 2015; 46 (2): 3–16. (In Russ)Kang J.M., Kim N., Lee S.Y., Woo S.K., Park G., Yeon B.K., Park J.W., Youn J.H., Ryu S.H., Lee J.Y., Cho S.J. Effect of cognitive training in fully immersive virtual reality on visuospatial function and frontal-occipital functional connectivity in predementia: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021; 23(5): e24526. doi: 10.2196/24526Kang J.M., Kim N., Lee S.Y., Woo S.K., Park G., Yeon B.K., Park J.W., Youn J.H., Ryu S.H., Lee J.Y., Cho S.J. Effect of cognitive training in fully immersive virtual reality on visuospatial function and frontal-occipital functional connectivity in predementia: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2021; 23(5): e24526. doi: 10.2196/24526Lauenroth A., Ioannidis A. E., Teichmann B. Influence of combined physical and cognitive training on cognition: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2016; 16:141. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0315-1Lauenroth A., Ioannidis A. E., Teichmann B. Influence of combined physical and cognitive training on cognition: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2016; 16:141. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0315-1Smith S.A. Virtual reality in episodic memory research: A review. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2019; 26: 1213–1237. doi: 10.3758/s13423-019-01605-w.Smith S.A. Virtual reality in episodic memory research: A review. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2019; 26: 1213–1237. doi: 10.3758/s13423-019-01605-w.Bruderer-Hofstetter M., Rausch-Osthoff A.K., Meichtry A., Munzer T., Niedermann K. Effective multicomponent interventions in comparison to active control and no interventions on physical capacity, cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living in elderly people with and without mild impaired cognition – A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2018; 45: 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.002.Bruderer-Hofstetter M., Rausch-Osthoff A.K., Meichtry A., Munzer T., Niedermann K. Effective multicomponent interventions in comparison to active control and no interventions on physical capacity, cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living in elderly people with and without mild impaired cognition – A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2018; 45: 1–14.Chiu H. L., Chu, H., Tsai, J. C., Liu, D., Chen, Y. R., Yang, H. L., Chou K.R. The effect of cognitive-based training for the healthy older people: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2017; 12: e0176742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176742Chiu H. L., Chu, H., Tsai, J. C., Liu, D., Chen, Y. R., Yang, H. L., et al. The effect of cognitive-based training for the healthy older people: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2017; 12: e0176742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176742Gómez-Soria I., Cuenca-Zaldívar J.N., Rodriguez-Roca B., Subirón-Valera A.B., Salavera C., Marcén-Román Y., Andrade-Gómez E., Calatayud E. Cognitive effects of a cognitive stimulation programme on trained domains in older adults with subjective memory complaints: Randomised controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(4):3636. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043636.Gómez-Soria I., Cuenca-Zaldívar J.N., Rodriguez-Roca B., Subirón-Valera A.B., Salavera C., Marcén-Román Y., Andrade-Gómez E., Calatayud E. Cognitive effects of a cognitive stimulation programme on trained domains in older adults with subjective memory complaints: Randomised controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(4):3636. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043636.Youn J., Park S., Lee J., Cho S., Kim J., Ryu S. Cognitive improvement in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: evidence from a multi-strategic metamemory training. J Clin Med 2020; 9(2): 362. doi:10.3390/jcm9020362Youn J., Park S., Lee J., Cho S., Kim J., Ryu S. Cognitive improvement in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: evidence from a multi-strategic metamemory training. J Clin Med 2020; 9(2): 362. doi:10.3390/jcm9020362Eggenberger P., Schumacher V., Angst M., Theill N., de Bruin E.D. Does multicomponent physical exercise with simultaneous cognitive training boost cognitive performance in older adults? A 6-month randomized controlled trial with a 1-year follow-up. Clin Interv Aging. 2015; 10: 1335–49. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S87732.Eggenberger P., Schumacher V., Angst M., Theill N., de Bruin E.D. Does multicomponent physical exercise with simultaneous cognitive training boost cognitive performance in older adults? A 6-month randomized controlled trial with a 1-year follow-up. Clin Interv Aging. 2015; 10: 1335–49.Weng W., Liang J., Xue J., Zhu T., Jiang Y., Wang J., Chen S. The transfer effects of cognitive training on working memory among Chinese older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:212. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00212Weng W., Liang J., Xue J., Zhu T., Jiang Y, Wang J, et al. The transfer effects of cognitive training on working memory among Chinese older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:212. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00212Bauer A.C.M., Andringa G. The potential of immersive virtual reality for cognitive training in elderly. Gerontology. 2020; 66(6): 614-623. doi: 10.1159/000509830.Bauer A.C.M., Andringa G. The potential of immersive virtual reality for cognitive training in elderly. Gerontology. 2020; 66(6): 614-623. doi: 10.1159/000509830.Huygelier H., Schraepen B., van Ee R., VandenAbeele V., Gillebert C.R. Acceptance of immersive head-mounted virtual reality in older adults. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1): 4519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41200-6.Huygelier H., Schraepen B., van Ee R., VandenAbeele V., Gillebert C.R. Acceptance of immersive head-mounted virtual reality in older adults. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1): 4519.Riva G., Mantovani F., Capideville C.S., Preziosa A., Morganti F., Villani D., Gaggioli A., Botella C., Alcañiz M. Affective interactions using virtual reality: the link between presence and emotions. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007; 10(1): 45–56. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9993.Riva G., Mantovani F., Capideville C.S., Preziosa A., Morganti F., Villani D., et al. Affective interactions using virtual reality: the link between presence and emotions. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007; 10(1): 45–56. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9993.Sayma M., Tuijt R., Cooper C., Walters K. Are we there yet? Immersive virtual reality to improve cognitive function in dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Gerontologist. 2020; 60(7): e502-e512. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnz132Sayma M., Tuijt R., Cooper C., Walters K. Are we there yet? Immersive virtual reality to improve cognitive function in dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Gerontologist. 2020; 60(7): e502-e512. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnz132Tieri G., Morone G., Paolucci S., Iosa, M. Virtual reality in cognitive and motor rehabilitation: facts, fiction and fallacies. Expert Rev. Med. Devices. 2018. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2018.1425613Tieri G., Morone G., Paolucci S., Iosa, M. Virtual reality in cognitive and motor rehabilitation: facts, fiction and fallacies. Expert Rev. Med. Devices. 2018. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2018.1425613Brugada-Ramentol V., Bozorgzadeh A., Jalali H. Enhance VR: A multisensory approach to cognitive training and monitoring. Front. Digit. Health. 2022; 4:916052. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.916052Brugada-Ramentol V., Bozorgzadeh A., Jalali H. Enhance VR: A multisensory approach to cognitive training and monitoring. Front. Digit. Health. 2022; 4:916052. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.916052García-Betances R.I., Jiménez-Mixco V., Arredondo M.T., Cabrera Umpiérrez M. F. Using virtual reality for cognitive training of the elderly. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen. 2015; 30: 49–54. doi: 10.1177/1533317514545866García-Betances R.I., Jiménez-Mixco V., Arredondo M.T., Cabrera Umpiérrez M. F. Using virtual reality for cognitive training of the elderly. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen. 2015; 30: 49–54. doi: 10.1177/1533317514545866Keshner E.A., Weiss P.T., Geifman D., Raban D. Tracking the evolution of virtual reality applications to rehabilitation as a field of study. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2019; 16(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0552-6.Keshner E.A., Weiss P.T., Geifman D., Raban D. Tracking the evolution of virtual reality applications to rehabilitation as a field of study. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2019; 16(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0552-6.Kim H., Chey J., Lee S. Effects of multicomponent training of cognitive control on cognitive function and brain activation in older adults. Neurosci Res. 2017; 124:8-15 doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.05.004Kim H., Chey J., Lee S. Effects of multicomponent training of cognitive control on cognitive function and brain activation in older adults. Neurosci Res. 2017; 124:8-15 doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.05.004Sokołowska B. Impact of Virtual Reality Cognitive and Motor Exercises on Brain Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(5): 4150. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054150Sokołowska B. Impact of Virtual Reality Cognitive and Motor Exercises on Brain Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(5): 4150. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054150Chan L.P.P., Cheng Y., Ng J.Y.H., Zheng Z., Cheing G.L.Y. A review of virtual reality technology in exercise training for older adults. J Endocrinol Thyroid Res. 2022; 6(4): 555694. doi: 10.19080/JETR.2022.06.555694Chan L.P.P., Cheng Y., Ng J.Y.H., Zheng Z., Cheing G.L.Y. A review of virtual reality technology in exercise training for older adults. J Endocrinol Thyroid Res. 2022; 6(4): 555694. doi: 10.19080/JETR.2022.06.555694De Vries A. W., Van DieЁen J. H., Van Den Abeele V., Verschueren S. M. Understanding motivations and player experiences of older adults in virtual reality training. Games for Health Journal. 2018; 7(6): 369–376. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2018.0008De Vries A. W., Van DieЁen J. H., Van Den Abeele V., Verschueren S. M. Understanding motivations and player experiences of older adults in virtual reality training. Games for Health Journal. 2018; 7(6): 369–376. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2018.0008Volmer J., Burkert M., Krumm H., Abodahab A., Dinklage P., Feltmann M., Kröger C., Panta P., Schäfer F., Scheidt D., Sellung M., Singerhoff H., Steingrefer C., Schmidt T., Hoffmann J.D., Willemsen D., Reiss N. Enhancing long-term motivation of cardiac patients by applying exergaming in rehabilitation training. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017; 237:183-187.Volmer J., Burkert M., Krumm H., Abodahab A, Dinklage P, Feltmann M, Kröger C, Panta P, Schäfer F, Scheidt D, Sellung M, Singerhoff H, Steingrefer C, Schmidt T, Hoffmann JD, Willemsen D, Reiss N. Enhancing long-term motivation of cardiac patients by applying exergaming in rehabilitation training. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017; 237:183-187Bond S., Laddu D.R., Ozemek C., Lavie C.J., Arena R. Exergaming and virtual reality for health: Implications for cardiac rehabilitation. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2021; 46(3): 100472. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.100472.Bond S., Laddu D.R., Ozemek C., Lavie C.J., Arena R. Exergaming and virtual reality for health: Implications for cardiac rehabilitation. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2021; 46(3): 100472. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.100472.Campo-Prieto P.; Cancela-Carral J.M.; Rodríguez-Fuentes G. Feasibility and effects of an immersive virtual reality exergame program on physical functions in institutionalized older adults: A randomized clinical trial. Sensors. 2022; 22: 6742. doi.org/10.3390/s22186742Campo-Prieto P.; Cancela-Carral J.M.; Rodríguez-Fuentes G. Feasibility and effects of an immersive virtual reality exergame program on physical functions in institutionalized older adults: A randomized clinical trial. Sensors. 2022; 22: 6742. doi.org/10.3390/s22186742Chang E., Kim H.T., Yoo B. Virtual reality sickness: A review of causes and measurements. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 2020; 36(17):1658–82.Chang E., Kim H.T., Yoo B. Virtual reality sickness: A review of causes and measurements. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 2020; 36(17):1658–82.Coyle H., Traynor V., Solowij N. Computerized and virtual reality cognitive training for individuals at high risk of cognitive decline: systematic review of the literature. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2015; 23: 335–359. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.04.009Coyle H., Traynor V., Solowij N. Computerized and virtual reality cognitive training for individuals at high risk of cognitive decline: systematic review of the literature. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 2015; 23: 335–359. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.04.009Baragash R.S., Aldowah H., Ghazal S. Virtual and augmented reality applications to improve older adults' quality of life: A systematic mapping review and future directions. Digit Health. 2022; 8: 20552076221132099. doi: 10.1177/20552076221132099.Baragash R.S., Aldowah H., Ghazal S. Virtual and augmented reality applications to improve older adults' quality of life: A systematic mapping review and future directions. Digit Health. 2022; 8: 20552076221132099. doi: 10.1177/20552076221132099.Plechatá A., Nekováˇrová T., Fajnerová I. What is the future for immersive virtual reality in memory rehabilitation? A systematic review. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48: 389–412. doi: 10.3233/NRE-201534.Plechatá A., Nekováˇrová T., Fajnerová I. What is the future for immersive virtual reality in memory rehabilitation? A systematic review. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48: 389–412.Despoti A., Karatzanos E., Patsaki I., Tzoumi D., Roussou G., Leventakis N., Papathanasiou A., Nanas S., Dimitriadi N. Immersive virtual reality in cognitive rehabilitation: A systematic Review. Health & Research Journal. 2022; 8(3) 225–241. doi:10.12681/healthresj.2887272-178.Despoti A., Karatzanos E., Patsaki I., Tzoumi D., Roussou G., Leventakis N., Papathanasiou A., Nanas S., Dimitriadi N. Immersive virtual reality in cognitive rehabilitation: A systematic Review. Health & Research Journal. 2022; 8(3) 225–241. doi:10.12681/healthresj.2887272-178.Penn I.W., Chuang E., Chuang T.Y., Yang C.Y. Effects of virtual-reality-augmented cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systemic review. Neuropsychiatry. 2018; doi: 10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000499Penn I.W., Chuang E., Chuang T.Y., Yang C.Y. Effects of virtual-reality-augmented cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systemic review. Neuropsychiatry. 2018; doi: 10.4172/NEUROPSYCHIATRY.1000499García-Bravo S., Cuesta-Gómez A., Campuzano-Ruiz R., López-Navas M.J., Domínguez-Paniagua J., Araújo-Narváez A., Barreñada-Copete E., García-Bravo C., Flórez-García M.T., Botas-Rodríguez J., Cano-de-la-Cuerda R. Virtual reality and video games in cardiac rehabilitation programs. A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2021; 43(4): 448-457. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1631892García-Bravo S., Cuesta-Gómez A., Campuzano-Ruiz R., López-Navas M.J., Domínguez-Paniagua J., Araújo-Narváez A., Barreñada-Copete E., García-Bravo C., Flórez-García M.T., Botas-Rodríguez J., Cano-de-la-Cuerda R. Virtual reality and video games in cardiac rehabilitation programs. A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2021; 43(4): 448-457. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1631892Chen Y., Cao L., Xu Y., Zhu M., Guan B., Ming W.K. Effectiveness of virtual reality in cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022; 133:104323. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104323Chen Y., Cao L., Xu Y., Zhu M., Guan B., Ming W.K. Effectiveness of virtual reality in cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022; 133:104323. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104323Chuang T.Y., Sung W.H., Lin C.Y. Application of a virtual reality-enhanced exercise protocol in patients after coronary bypass. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005; 86(10): 1929-32. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.05.003.Chuang T.Y., Sung W.H., Lin C.Y. Application of a virtual reality-enhanced exercise protocol in patients after coronary bypass. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005; 86(10): 1929-32. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.05.003.Cacau Lde A., Oliveira G.U., Maynard L.G., Araújo Filho A.A., Silva W.M.Jr., Cerqueria Neto M.L., Antoniolli A.R., Santana-Filho V.J. The use of the virtual reality as intervention tool in the postoperative of cardiac surgery. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2013; 28(2): 281-9. doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20130039.Cacau Lde A., Oliveira G.U., Maynard L.G., Araújo Filho A.A., Silva W.M.Jr., Cerqueria Neto M.L., Antoniolli A.R., Santana-Filho V.J. The use of the virtual reality as intervention tool in the postoperative of cardiac surgery. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2013; 28(2): 281-9. doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20130039Тарасова И.В., Трубникова О.А., Разумникова О.М. Пластичность функциональных систем мозга как компенсаторный ресурс при нормальном и патологическом старении, ассоциированном с атеросклерозом. Атеросклероз. 2020; 16(1):59-67. doi: 10.15372/ATER20200108Tarasova I.V., Trubnikova O.A., Razumnikova O.M. Plasticity of functional systems of the brain as a compensatory resource in normal and pathological aging associated with atherosclerosis. Атеросклероз. 2020; Т. 16. № 1. С. 59-67. doi: 10.15372/ATER20200108. [Ateroscleroz. 2020; Т. 16. № 1. С. 59-67. doi: 10.15372/ATER20200108. (In Russ)]Pressler S.J., Jung M., Haedtke C. Interventions transformed through technology to improve cognitive function in heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019; 34(6): 430-432. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000609Pressler S.J., Jung M., Haedtke C. Interventions transformed through technology to improve cognitive function in heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019; 34(6): 430-432. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000609Тарасова И.В., Разумникова О.М., Трубникова О.А., Мезенцев Ю.А., Куприянова Д.С., Барбараш О.Л. Нейрофизиологические корреляты послеоперационных когнитивных расстройств. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2021;121(2):18–23. doi:10.17116/jnevro202112102118Tarasova I.V., Razumnikova O.M., Trubnikova O.A., Mezentsev Yu.A., Kupriyanova D.S., Barbarash O.L. Neurophysiological correlates of postoperative cognitive disorders. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S.S. Korsakov. 2021;121(2):18–23.Jung M., Apostolova L.G., Moser D.K., Gradus-Pizlo I., Gao S., Rogers J.L., Pressler S.J. Virtual reality cognitive intervention for heart failure: CORE study protocol. Alzheimers Dement (NY). 2022; 8(1):e12230. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12230.Jung M., Apostolova L.G., Moser D.K., Gradus-Pizlo I., Gao S., Rogers J.L., Pressler S.J. Virtual reality cognitive intervention for heart failure: CORE study protocol. Alzheimers Dement (NY). 2022; 8(1):e12230. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12230.Pressler S.J. Cognitive functioning and chronic heart failure: a review of the literature (2002-July 2007). J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008; 23(3): 239–249. doi: 10.1097/01.JCN.0000305096.09710.ec.Pressler S.J. Cognitive functioning and chronic heart failure: a review of the literature (2002-July 2007). J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008; 23(3): 239–249. doi: 10.1097/01.JCN.0000305096.09710.ec.Gamito P., Oliveira J., Alves C., Santos N., Coelho C., Brito R. Virtual reality-based cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in community elderly: A controlled study. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020; 23(3):150-156. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0271.Gamito P., Oliveira J., Alves C., Santos N., Coelho C., Brito R. Virtual reality-based cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in community elderly: A controlled study. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020; 23(3):150-156. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0271.Gamito P., Oliveira J., Morais D., Coelho C., Santos N., Alves C., Galamba A., Soeiro M., Yerra M., French H., Talmers L., Gomes T., Brito R. Cognitive stimulation of elderly individuals with instrumental virtual reality-based activities of daily life: pre-post treatment study. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2019; 22(1):69-75. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0679Gamito P., Oliveira J., Morais D., Coelho C., Santos N., Alves C., et al. Cognitive stimulation of elderly individuals with instrumental virtual reality-based activities of daily life: pre-post treatment study. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2019; 22(1):69-75. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0679Huang K-T. Exergaming executive functions: An immersive virtual reality-based cognitive training for adults aged 50 and older. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020 Mar;23(3):143-149. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0269.Huang K-T. Exergaming executive functions: An immersive virtual reality-based cognitive training for adults aged 50 and older. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2020; 23(3):143–9.Трубникова О.А., Тарасова И.В., Артамонова А.И., Сырова И.Д., Барбараш О.Л. Возраст как фактор риска когнитивных нарушений у пациентов, перенесших коронарное шунтирование. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2011; 111(8):46‑49.Trubnikova O.A., Tarasova I.V., Artamonova A.I., Syrova I.D., Barbarash O.L. Age as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiayrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2011; 111(8):46‑49. (In Russ)]Optale G., Urgesi C., Busato V., Marin S., Piron L., Priftis K., Gamberini L., Capodieci S., Bordin A. Controlling memory impairment in elderly adults using virtual reality memory training: a randomized controlled pilot study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010; 24(4): 348-357. doi: 10.1177/1545968309353328Optale G., Urgesi C., Busato V., Marin S., Piron L., Priftis K., et al. Controlling memory impairment in elderly adults using virtual reality memory training: a randomized controlled pilot study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010; 24(4): 348-357. doi: 10.1177/1545968309353328Sakhare A.R., Yang V., Stradford J., Tsang I., Ravichandran R., Pa J. Cycling and spatial navigation in an enriched, immersive 3D virtual park environment: A feasibility study in younger and older adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2019; 11:218. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00218.Sakhare A.R., Yang V., Stradford J., Tsang I., Ravichandran R., Pa J. Cycling and spatial navigation in an enriched, immersive 3D virtual park environment: A feasibility study in younger and older adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2019; 11:218. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00218.Howett D., Castegnaro A., Krzywicka K., Hagman J., Marchment D., Henson R., Rio M., King J.A., Burgess N., Chan D. Differentiation of mild cognitive impairment using an entorhinal cortex-based test of virtual reality navigation. Brain. 2019; 142(6):1751-1766. doi: 10.1093/brain/awz116Howett D., Castegnaro A., Krzywicka K., Hagman J., Marchment D., Henson R., et al. Differentiation of mild cognitive impairment using an entorhinal cortex-based test of virtual reality navigation. Brain. 2019; 142(6):1751-1766. doi: 10.1093/brain/awz116Zając-Lamparska L., Wiłkość-Dębczyńska M., Wojciechowski A., Podhorecka M., Polak-Szabela A., Warchoł Ł., Kędziora-Kornatowska K., Araszkiewicz A., Izdebski P. Effects of virtual reality-based cognitive training in older adults living without and with mild dementia: a pretest-posttest design pilot study. BMC Res Notes. 2019; 12(1):776. doi: 10.1186/s13104-019-4810-2.Huang K-T. Exergaming executive functions: An immersive virtual reality-based cognitive training for adults aged 50 and older. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2020; 23(3):143–9.Borgnis F., Baglio F., Pedroli E., Rossetto F., Uccellatore L., Oliveira J.A.G., Riva G., Cipresso P. Available virtual reality-based tools for executive functions: A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2022; 13:833136. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833136.Zając-Lamparska L., Wiłkość-Dębczyńska M., Wojciechowski A., Podhorecka M., Polak-Szabela A., Warchoł Ł., Kędziora-Kornatowska K., Araszkiewicz A., Izdebski P. Effects of virtual reality-based cognitive training in older adults living without and with mild dementia: a pretest-posttest design pilot study. BMC Res Notes. 2019; 12(1):776. doi: 10.1186/s13104-019-4810-2.Manera V., Petit P. D., Derreumaux A., Orvieto I., Romagnoli M., Lyttle G., David R., Robert P. “Kitchen and cooking”, a serious game for mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease: A pilot study. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2015; 7: 24. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00024Borgnis F., Baglio F., Pedroli E., Rossetto F., Uccellatore L., Oliveira J.A.G., Riva G., Cipresso P. Available virtual reality-based tools for executive functions: A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2022; 13:833136. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833136.Corriveau Lecavalier N., Ouellet É., Boller B., Belleville S. Use of immersive virtual reality to assess episodic memory: A validation study in older adults. Neuropsychol. Rehabil. 2020; 30: 462–480. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1477684.Manera V., Petit P. D., Derreumaux A., Orvieto I., Romagnoli M., Lyttle G., David R., Robert P. “Kitchen and cooking”, a serious game for mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease: A pilot study. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2015; 7: 24. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00024Ouellet É., Boller B., Corriveau-Lecavalier N., Cloutier S., Belleville S. The virtual shop: A new immersive virtual reality environment and scenario for the assessment of everyday memory. J. Neurosci. Methods. 2018; 303: 126–135. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.03.010.Corriveau Lecavalier N., Ouellet É., Boller B., Belleville S. Use of immersive virtual reality to assess episodic memory: A validation study in older adults. Neuropsychol. Rehabil. 2020; 30: 462–480Zygouris S., Segkouli S., Triantafyllidis A., Giakoumis D., Tsolaki M., Votis K., Tzovaras D. Usability of the virtual supermarket test for older adults with and without cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2022; 6(1): 229-234. doi: 10.3233/ADR-210064Ouellet É., Boller B., Corriveau-Lecavalier N., Cloutier S., Belleville S. The virtual shop: A new immersive virtual reality environment and scenario for the assessment of everyday memory. J. Neurosci. Methods. 2018; 303: 126–135Zygouris S., Iliadou P., Lazarou E., Giakoumis D., Votis K., Alexiadis A., Triantafyllidis A., Segkouli S., Tzovaras D., Tsiatsos T., Papagianopoulos S., Tsolaki M. Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment in an at-risk group of older adults: Can a novel self-administered serious game-based screening test improve diagnostic accuracy? J Alzheimers Dis. 2020; 78(1): 405-412. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200880Zygouris S., Segkouli S., Triantafyllidis A., Giakoumis D., Tsolaki M., Votis K., Tzovaras D. Usability of the virtual supermarket test for older adults with and without cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2022; 6(1): 229-234. doi: 10.3233/ADR-210064Iliadou P., Paliokas I., Zygouris S., Lazarou E., Votis K., Tzovaras D., Tsolaki M. A comparison of traditional and serious game-based digital markers of cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021; 79(4):1747-1759. doi: 10.3233/JAD-201300.Zygouris S., Iliadou P., Lazarou E., Giakoumis D., Votis K., Alexiadis A., Triantafyllidis A., Segkouli S., Tzovaras D., Tsiatsos T., Papagianopoulos S., Tsolaki M. Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment in an at-risk group of older adults: Can a novel self-administered serious game-based screening test improve diagnostic accuracy? J Alzheimers Dis. 2020; 78(1): 405-412. doi: 10.3233/JAD-200880Voinescu A., Petrini K., Fraser D. S., Lazarovicz R. A., Papav I., Fodor L. A., David D. The effectiveness of a virtual reality attention task to predict depression and anxiety in comparison with current clinical measures. Virtual Reality. 2021; 1–22. doi: 10.1007/s10055-021-00520-7Iliadou P., Paliokas I., Zygouris S., Lazarou E., Votis K., Tzovaras D., Tsolaki M. A comparison of traditional and serious game-based digital markers of cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy controls. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021; 79(4):1747-1759. doi: 10.3233/JAD-201300.Summers J.K., Vivian D.N. Ecotherapy - A forgotten ecosystem service: A review. Front Psychol. 2018; 9:1389. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01389Voinescu A., Petrini K., Fraser D. S., Lazarovicz R. A., Papav I., Fodor L. A., et al. The effectiveness of a virtual reality attention task to predict depression and anxiety in comparison with current clinical measures. Virtual Reality. 2021; 1–22. doi: 10.1007/s10055-021-00520-7Appel L., Appel E., Bogler O., Wiseman M., Cohen L., Ein N., Abrams H.B., Campos J.L. Older adults with cognitive and/or physical impairments can benefit from immersive virtual reality experiences: A feasibility study. Front. Med. 2020; 6:329. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00329Summers J.K., Vivian D.N. Ecotherapy - A forgotten ecosystem service: A review. Front Psychol. 2018; 9:1389. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01389Mrakic-Sposta S., Di Santo S.G., Franchini F., Arlati S., Zangiacomi A., Greci L., Moretti S., Jesuthasan N., Marzorati M., Rizzo G., Sacco M., Vezzoli A. Effects of combined physical and cognitive virtual reality-based training on cognitive impairment and oxidative network in MCI Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018; 10: 282. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00282.Appel L., Appel E., Bogler O., Wiseman M., Cohen L., Ein N., Abrams H.B., Campos J.L. Older adults with cognitive and/or physical impairments can benefit from immersive virtual reality experiences: A feasibility study. Front. Med. 2020; 6:329. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00329Cacciata M., Stromberg A., Lee J.A., Sorkin D., Lombardo D., Clancy S., Nyamathi A., Evangelista L.S. Effect of exergaming on health-related quality of life in older adults: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019; 93:30-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.010.Mrakic-Sposta S., Di Santo S.G., Franchini F., Arlati S., Zangiacomi A., Greci L., Moretti S., Jesuthasan N., Marzorati M., Rizzo G., Sacco M., Vezzoli A. Effects of combined physical and cognitive virtual reality-based training on cognitive impairment and oxidative network in MCI Patients: A Pilot Study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018; 10: 282. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00282.Ruivo J.A. Exergames and cardiac rehabilitation: a review. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2014; 34(1): 2-20. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000037.Cacciata M., Stromberg A., Lee J.A., Sorkin D., Lombardo D., Clancy S., Nyamathi A., Evangelista L.S. Effect of exergaming on health-related quality of life in older adults: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019; 93:30-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.010.Klompstra L., Jaarsma T., Mårtensson J., Strömberg A. Exergaming Through the eyes of patients with heart failure: A qualitative content analysis study. Games Health J. 2017; 6(3):152-158. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2016.0087Ruivo J.A. Exergames and cardiac rehabilitation: a review. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2014; 34(1): 2-20. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000037.Blasco-Peris C., Fuertes-Kenneally L., Vetrovsky T., Sarabia J.M., Climent-Paya V., Manresa-Rocamora A. Effects of exergaming in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to conventional cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(6): 3492. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063492.Klompstra L, Jaarsma T, Mårtensson J, Strömberg A. Exergaming Through the eyes of patients with heart failure: A qualitative content analysis study. Games Health J. 2017; 6(3):152-158. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2016.0087Vieira Á., Melo C., Machado J., Gabriel J. Virtual reality exercise on a home-based phase III cardiac rehabilitation program, effect on executive function, quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2018; 13(2): 112-123. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1297858Blasco-Peris C, Fuertes-Kenneally L, Vetrovsky T, Sarabia JM, Climent-Paya V, Manresa-Rocamora A. Effects of exergaming in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to conventional cardiac rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(6): 3492. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063492.Anguera J.A., Boccanfuso J., Rintoul J.L., Al-Hashimi O., Faraji F., Janowich J., Kong E., Larraburo Y., Rolle C., Johnston E., Gazzaley A. Video game training enhances cognitive control in older adults. Nature. 2013; 501(7465): 97-101 doi: 10.1038/nature12486.Vieira Á., Melo C., Machado J., Gabriel J. Virtual reality exercise on a home-based phase III cardiac rehabilitation program, effect on executive function, quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2018; 13(2): 112-123. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1297858Liao Y., Chen I., Lin Y., Chen Y., Hsu W. Effects of virtual reality-based physical and cognitive training on executive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized control trial. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2019; 11:162. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00162Anguera J.A., Boccanfuso J., Rintoul J.L., Al-Hashimi O., Faraji F., Janowich J., et al. Video game training enhances cognitive control in older adults. Nature. 2013; 501(7465): 97-101 doi: 10.1038/nature12486.Разумникова О.М., Тарасова И.В., Трубникова О.А., Барбараш О.Л. Изменения в структуре когнитивных функций и тревожности у кардиохирургических пациентов в зависимости от выраженности стенозов сонных артерий. Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2022; 11(1):36-48. doi:10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-1-36-48Liao Y., Chen I., Lin Y., Chen Y., Hsu W. Effects of virtual reality-based physical and cognitive training on executive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized control trial. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2019; 11:162. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00162Razumnikova O.М., Tarasova I.V., Trubnikova O.A., Barbarash O.L. The changes in the structure of cognitive functions and anxiety in cardiac surgery patients depending on the severity of carotid arteries. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2022; 11(1):36-48. 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-1-36-48Razumnikova O.М., Tarasova I.V., Trubnikova O.A., Barbarash O.L. The changes in the structure of cognitive functions and anxiety in cardiac surgery patients depending on the severity of carotid arteries. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2022; 11(1):36-48. 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-1-36-48Tarasova I.V., Razumnikova O.М., Trubnikova O.A., Mezentsev Y.A., Kupriyanova D.S., Barbarash O.L. Neurophysiological correlates of postoperative cognitive disorders. Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiayrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2021; 121(2):18–23. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202112102118. (In Russ)Tarasova I.V., Razumnikova O.М., Trubnikova O.A., Mezentsev Y.A., Kupriyanova D.S., Barbarash O.L. Neurophysiological correlates of postoperative cognitive disorders. Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiayrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2021; 121(2):18–23. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202112102118. (In Russ)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.