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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2023-12-4-29-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1376</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Кардиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES. Cardiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОВЫШЕНИЕ УРОВНЯ ПРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЦИТОКИНОВ В ПЛАЗМЕ КРОВИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INCREASED LEVELS OF PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BLOOD PLASMA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-0334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией патологии малого круга кровообращения, доцент кафедры патологии института медицинского образования федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Associate Professor at the Department of Pathology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a--karpoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-1941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симакова</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simakova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук старший научный сотрудник, руководитель научно-исследовательской группы кардиоонкологии научного центра мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины» федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Head, Senior Researcher, Research Group of Cardio-Oncology, World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.simakova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0182-009X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Докшин</surname><given-names>Павел Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Docshin</surname><given-names>Pavel M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории заболеваний с избыточной кальцификацией научно-исследовательского центра неизвестных, редких и генетически обусловленных заболеваний научного центра мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины» федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Fellow, Research Laboratory of Excessive Calcification Diseases, Research Centre of Unknown, Rare and Genetically Determined Diseases, World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dokshin_pm@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-0334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиленкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Исмаиловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilenkova</surname><given-names>Yuliya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук доцент кафедры лабораторной медицины с клиникой федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuliaismailovna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-9419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиленко</surname><given-names>Леонид Алексеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilenko</surname><given-names>Leonid A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор 1-го года кафедры факультетской терапии с клиникой, лаборант-исследователь научно-исследовательской лабораторией патологии малого круга кровообращения федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>First-year Resident at the Department of Advanced Therapy, Laboratory Assistant at the Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shilenko.leo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-2811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской группы кардиоонкологии научного центра мирового уровня «Центр персонализированной медицины» федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Junior Researcher, Research Group of Cardio-Oncology, World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katerinazolotova1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зелинская</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelinskaya</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории биопротезирования и кардиопротекции, ассистент кафедры патологической физиологии федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher in Bioprosthetics and Cardioprotection SRL, Assistant at the Pathological Physiology Department, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.selinskaja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-4006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионова</surname><given-names>Жанна Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionova</surname><given-names>Zhanna I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук ассистент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии и кардиологии с клиникой им. акад. Г.Ф. Ланга, научный сотрудник лаборатории ишемической болезни сердца научно-исследовательского института сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний научно-клинического исследовательского центра федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Assistant at the Department of Advanced Therapy with the course of Endocrinology and Cardiology with the clinic named after. Academician G.F. Langa, Researcher at the Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Research Center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanna@ncmed.me</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-9944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галагудза</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galagudza</surname><given-names>Michael M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор директор института экспериментальной медицины, заведующий кафедрой патологии института медицинского образования федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Professor and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science, Director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine, Head of the Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Education, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galagoudza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-3847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеева</surname><given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseeva</surname><given-names>Olga M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор директор института сердца и сосудов, руководитель и главный научный сотрудник отдела некоронарогенных заболеваний сердца федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Professor, Director of the Institute of Heart and Vessels, Head and Leading Researcher at the Department of Non-Coronary Heart Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moiseeva.cardio@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпов А.А., Симакова М.А., Докшин П.М., Жиленкова Ю.И., Шиленко Л.А., Золотова Е.А., Зелинская И.А., Ионова Ж.И., Галагудза М.М., Моисеева О.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпов А.А., Симакова М.А., Докшин П.М., Жиленкова Ю.И., Шиленко Л.А., Золотова Е.А., Зелинская И.А., Ионова Ж.И., Галагудза М.М., Моисеева О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpov A.A., Simakova M.A., Docshin P.M., Zhilenkova Y.I., Shilenko L.A., Zolotova E.A., Zelinskaya I.A., Ionova Z.I., Galagudza M.M., Moiseeva O.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1376">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1376</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p><p>ИЛ-8 и MCP-1 играют существенную роль в патогенезе хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии, что указывает на важное значение неспецифического иммунитета в формировании и прогрессировании данного заболевания. Определена связь цитокинов с показателями гемодинамики, структурными изменениями сердца и биохимическими показателями плазмы крови.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме</p></sec><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Патогенез хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензии (ХТЭЛГ) сложен и до конца не изучен. Особое внимание в генезе микрососудистого поражения при ХТЭЛГ уделяют асептическому воспалению, которое в свою очередь может быть опосредовано различными молекулярными механизмами. Учитывая противоречивые и неполные данные об изменении профиля факторов, контролирующих воспаление при ХТЭЛГ, исследования в этой области позволят определить новые терапевтические мишени для профилактики и лечения ХТЭЛГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить профиль провоспалительных цитокинов в плазме крови у пациентов с ХТЭЛГ и оценить связь этих цитокинов с основными морфофункциональными и лабораторными показателями тяжести течения заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 34 пациента с верифицированным диагнозом ХТЭЛГ. Для характеризации группы использованы эхокардиографическое исследование и катетеризация правых камер сердца. У всех больных оценены биомаркеры сердечной недостаточности, системного воспаления, а также эритропоэза и обмена железа. В группу контроля вошли 10 человек-доноров. Для изучения профиля провоспалительных цитокинов в плазме крови определены интерлейкины (ИЛ) 6, 8, 18, моноцитарный хемоаттрактантный белкок 1 (MCP-1) и матриксная металлопротеиназа 9 с помощью стандартных наборов для иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным катетеризации правых камер сердца и эхокардиографии определены гемодинамические и морфофункциональные изменения малого круга кровообращения, характерные для легочной гипертензии. При анализе уровня провоспалительных цитокинов в плазме крови в группе ХТЭЛГ по сравнению с группой контроля отмечено значимое повышение ИЛ-8 (p = 0,030) и MCP-1 (p = 0,031). По другим проанализированным маркерам значимых различий не получено. В результате корреляционного анализа выявлены умеренные обратные взаимосвязи провоспалительных маркеров с гемодинамическими параметрами, характеризующими тяжесть ХТЭЛГ, а также положительные корреляционные связи с показателями ремоделирования правых камер сердца и обмена железа.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установленное в настоящем исследовании повышение уровней ИЛ-8 и MCP-1 у пациентов с ХТЭЛГ указывает на значительную роль неспецифического иммунитета в формировании и прогрессировании ХТЭЛГ. Определены взаимосвязи цитокинов с показателями гемодинамики, структурными изменениями сердца и биохимическими показателями плазмы крови. На основе полученных данных возможна разработка новых лекарственных субстанций, мишенями для которых будут провоспалительные цитокины, их рецепторы и сигнальные пути.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p><p>IL-8 and MCP-1 have a significant role in the CTEPH pathogenesis, which indicates the importance of nonspecific immunity in the formation and progression of CTEPH. The coupling between cytokines and hemodynamic parameters, cardiac structural changes and plasma biochemical parameters were determined.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p></sec><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood. Particular attention to the microvascular damage genesis in CTEPH is given to aseptic inflammation, which in turn could be mediated through various molecular mechanisms. According to the conflicting and incomplete data on changes in the profile of factors controlling inflammation in CTEPH, research in this field would identify new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of CTEPH.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the profile of plasma proinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and evaluate the coupling of these cytokines with the main morphofunctional and laboratory values of the disease severity.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. 34 patients with CTEPH were included in this study. To characterize the group, the following methods were used: echocardiographic examination, catheterization of the right cardiac chambers. Biomarkers of heart failure, systemic inflammation, as well as erythropoiesis and iron metabolism were assessed in all patients. The control group included 10 donors. To study the proinflammatory cytokine profile in plasma, interleukins (IL) 6, 8, 18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were determined using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hemodynamic and morphofunctional changes in the pulmonary circulation specific to pulmonary hypertension were determined with catheterization of the right cardiac chambers and echocardiography. During plasma proinflammatory cytokines analysis, a significant increase in the level of IL-8 (p = 0.030) and MCP-1 (p = 0.031) in CTEPH group compared to the control group was observed. No significant differences for other analyzed markers were found. In the elaboration of the correlation analysis, moderate inverse coupling between proinflammatory markers and hemodynamic parameters characterizing the CTEPH severity were revealed, as well as positive correlations with parameters of remodeling of the right cardiac chambers and iron metabolism.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The increased levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in patients with CTEPH identified in the present study indicate a significant role of nonspecific immunity in the formation and progression of CTEPH. The coupling between cytokines and hemodynamic parameters, structural cardiac changes and plasma biochemical parameters were determined. Based on the obtained data, it is possible to develop new medicinal substances, targeting towards proinflammatory cytokines, their receptors and signaling pathways.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Хроническая тромбоэмболическая легочная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>Цитокины</kwd><kwd>Воспаление</kwd><kwd>Эритропоэз</kwd><kwd>Обмен железа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension</kwd><kwd>Cytokines</kwd><kwd>Inflammation</kwd><kwd>Erythropoiesis</kwd><kwd>Iron metabolism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-75-01057, https://rscf.ru/project/23-75-01057/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konstantinides S.V., Meyer G., Becattini C., Bueno H., Geersing G.J., Harjola V.P., Huisman M.V., Humbert M., Jennings C.S., Jiménez D., Kucher N., Lang I.M., Lankeit M., Lorusso R., Mazzolai L., Meneveau N., Ní Áinle F., Prandoni P., Pruszczyk P., Righini M., Torbicki A., Van Belle E., Zamorano J.L.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism. 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