<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2024-13-1-144-151</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1390</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНЛАЙН. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONLINE. ORIGINAL STUDIES. Cardiovascular surgery</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ OBJECT DETECTION В ЗАДАЧЕ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ ТОЧЕК АОРТОГРАФИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>APPLICATION OF OBJECT DETECTION TECHNOLOGY IN AORTOGRAPHY KEYPOINT TRACKING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-8889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптев</surname><given-names>Владислав Витальевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laptev</surname><given-names>Vladislav V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lptwlad1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-264X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>Никита Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>Nikita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук заведующий лабораторией тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikotwin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лаптев В.В., Кочергин Н.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лаптев В.В., Кочергин Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Laptev V.V., Kochergin N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1390">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1390</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p><p>Практическая значимость работы заключается в следующем: представленная система визуализации данных аортографии является эффективным инструментом визуального ассистирования хирурга при проведении вмешательства, поддерживающая режим работы в реальном времени. Предложенный алгоритм предварительной обработки данных, повышающий качество изображения с минимальными затратами производительности, дополняет систему визуализации, позволяя достигнуть наилучшего результата.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Аннотация</title><p>Аннотация</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка системы визуального ассистирования хирурга при проведении транскатетерной имплантации аортального клапана.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для решения поставленной задачи использован собственный набор данных, состоящий из 35 видеозаписей проведения процедуры вмешательства. В основе системы визуализации лежит подход обнаружения ключевых точек аортографии, базирующийся на технологии Object detection, с применением искусственных нейронных сетей семейства YOLO. Для достижения наилучшего результата в работе предложен метод улучшения качества входных данных посредством использования сверточных нейронных сетей, а именно технологии Autoencoder.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что модель сверточного автоэнкодера способна восстановить информативность зашумленного входного изображения с 40 до 75%, что в свою очередь позволяет повысить точность обнаружения объектов на изображении. Представленная система отслеживания в режиме реального времени для облегчения процедур транскатетерной имплантации аортального клапана имеет конечную точность по метрике качества MAP – 51,9%. Система визуального ассистирования может распознавать и отслеживать ключевые точки, указывающие на расположение корня аорты, системы доставки и протеза клапана сердца во время операции. Представленная система визуализации данных аортографии является эффективным инструментом визуального ассистирования хирурга при проведении вмешательства, поддерживающая режим работы в реальном времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный        алгоритм предварительной обработки данных, повышающий качество изображения с минимальными затратами производительности, дополняет систему визуализации, позволяя достигнуть наилучшего результата.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p><p>The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the presented aortography data visualization system is an effective tool for visually assisting surgeons during transcatheter aortic valve implantation interventions, supporting real-time operation mode. The proposed data preprocessing algorithm, which improves image quality with minimal performance costs, complements the system, allowing specialists to achieve the best result.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The aim of this study is to develop a visual assistance system for transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. To address the stated objective, our own dataset consisting of 35 videos of the intervention was used. The visualization system is based on the approach of detecting key points in aortography, utilizing “Object detection” technology with the application of YOLO family artificial neural networks. To achieve the best result, we proposed a method to enhance the quality of input data using convolutional neural networks, specifically the «Autoencoder» technology.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results of the study revealed that the convolutional autoencoder model is capable of restoring the informativeness of noisy input images from 40 to 75%, thereby increasing the accuracy of object detection in images. The presented real-time tracking system for facilitating TAVI procedures achieves a final accuracy of 51.9% according to the Mean Average Precision (MAP) quality metric. The visual assistance system can recognize and track key points indicating the location of the aortic root, delivery system, and heart valve prosthesis during surgery. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the presented aortography data visualization system is an effective tool for visually assisting surgeons during interventions, supporting real-time operation mode.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed data preprocessing algorithm, which improves image quality with minimal performance costs, complements the visualization system, allowing specialists to achieve the best results.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>Обнаружение объектов</kwd><kwd>Детектирование</kwd><kwd>Ключевые точки</kwd><kwd>Аортальный клапан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Machine learning</kwd><kwd>Object detection</kwd><kwd>Tracking</kwd><kwd>Keypoint</kwd><kwd>Aortic valve</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-75-10009, https://rscf.ru/project/23-75-10009/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelgawad A.M.E., Hussein M.A., Naeim H., Abuelatta R., Alghamdy S. A comparative study of TAVR versus SAVR in moderate and high-risk surgical patients: hospital outcome and midterm results. Heart Surg Forum. Heart Surg Forum. 2019;22(5):E331-E339. doi: 10.1532/hsf.2243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelgawad AME, Hussein MA, Naeim H, Abuelatta R, Alghamdy S. A comparative study of TAVR versus SAVR in moderate and high-risk surgical patients: hospital outcome and midterm results. Heart Surg Forum. (2019) 22:E331–E9. doi: 10.1532/hsf.2243</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumgartner H., Falk V., Bax J.J., De Bonis M., Hamm C., Holm P.J., Iung B, Lancellotti P, Lansac E, Rodriguez Muñoz D, Rosenhek R, Sjögren J, Tornos Mas P, Vahanian A, Walther T, Wendler O, Windecker S, Zamorano JL; ESC Scientific Document Group.2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J.2017;38(36):2739-2791. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, et al. 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. (2017) 38:2739–91. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.12.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winkel M.G., Stortecky S., Wenaweser P. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation current indications and future directions. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019;6:179. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winkel MG, Stortecky S, Wenaweser P. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation current indications and future directions. Front Cardiovasc Med. (2019) 6:179. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00179</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veulemans V., Mollus S., Saalbach A., Pietsch M., Hellhammer K., Zeus T., Westenfeld R., Weese J., Kelm M., Balzer J. Optimal C-arm angulation during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: accuracy of a rotational C-arm computed tomography based three dimensional heart model. World J Cardiol. 2016;8(10):606-614. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i10.606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veulemans V, Mollus S, Saalbach A, Pietsch M, Hellhammer K, Zeus T, et al. Optimal C-arm angulation during transcatheter aortic valve replacement: accuracy of a rotational C-arm computed tomography based three dimensional heart model. World J Cardiol. (2016) 8:606. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i10.606</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dasi L.P., Hatoum H., Kheradvar A., Zareian R., Alavi S.H., Sun W., Martin C., Pham T., Wang Q., Midha P.A., Raghav V., Yoganathan A.P. On the mechanics of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017;45(2):310-331. doi: 10.1007/s10439-016-1759-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dasi LP, Hatoum H, Kheradvar A, Zareian R, Alavi SH, Sun W, et al. On the mechanics of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Ann Biomed Eng. (2017) 45:310–31. doi: 10.1007/s10439-016-1759-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chourdakis E., Koniari I., Kounis N.G., Velissaris D., Koutsogiannis N., Tsigkas G., Hauptmann K.E., Sontag B., Hahalis G. The role of echocardiography and CT angiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2018;15(1):86-94. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.01.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chourdakis E, Koniari I, Kounis NG, Velissaris D, Koutsogiannis N, Tsigkas G, et al. The role of echocardiography and CT angiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients. J Geriatr Cardiol. (2018) 15:86–94. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.01.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chakravarty T., Jilaihawi H., Doctor N., Fontana G., Forrester J.S., Cheng W., Makkar R. Complications after Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Prosthesis: The Importance of Preventative Measures and Contingency Planning. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;91(5):E29-E42. doi: 10.1002/ccd.24888.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chakravarty T, Jilaihawi H, Doctor N, Fontana G, Forrester JS, Cheng W, et al. Complications after Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Prosthesis: The Importance of Preventative Measures and Contingency Planning. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. (2018) 91:E29–E42. doi: 10.1002/ccd.24888</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarsini R., De Maria G.L., Joseph J., Fan L., Cahill T.J., Kotronias R.A., Burzotta F., Newton J.D., Kharbanda R., Prendergast B., Ribichini F., Banning A.P. Impact of complications during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement: how can they be avoided and managed? J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(18):e013801. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarsini R, De Maria GL, Joseph J, Fan L, Cahill TJ, Kotronias RA, et al. Impact of complications during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement: how can they be avoided and managed? J Am Heart Assoc. (2019) 8:e013801. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013801</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kappetein A.P., Head S.J., Genereux P., Piazza N., van Mieghem N.M., Blackstone E.H., Brott T.G., Cohen D.J., Cutlip D.E., van Es G.A., Hahn R.T., Kirtane A.J., Krucoff M.W., Kodali S., Mack M.J., Mehran R., Rodés-Cabau J., Vranckx P., Webb J.G., Windecker S., Serruys P.W., Leon M.B. Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation.: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document (VARC-2). Eur J Cardio-Thoracic Surg. 2012;33(19):2403-18. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kappetein AP, Head SJ, Genereux P, Piazza N, van Mieghem NM, Blackstone EH, et al. Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document (VARC-2). Eur J Cardio-Thoracic Surg. (2012) 42:S45–S60. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs533</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan J.L., Mazilu D., Miller J.G., Hunt T., Horvath K.A., Li M. Robotic-assisted real-time MRI-guided TAVR: from system deployment to in vivo experiment in swine model. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2016;11(10):1905-18. doi: 10.1007/s11548-016-1421-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan JL, Mazilu D, Miller JG, Hunt T, Horvath KA, Li M. Robotic-assisted real-time MRI-guided TAVR: from system deployment to in vivo experiment in swine model. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. (2016) 11:1905–18. doi: 10.1007/s11548-016-1421-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kilic T., Yilmaz I. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a revolution in the therapy of elderly and high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2017;14:204–17. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.03.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kilic T, Yilmaz I. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a revolution in the therapy of elderly and high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. J Geriatr Cardiol. (2017) 14:204–17. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.03.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Codner P., Lavi I., Malki G., Vaknin-Assa H., Assali A., Kornowski R. C-THV measures of self-expandable valve positioning and correlation with implant outcomes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84(6):877-84. doi: 10.1002/ccd.25594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Codner P, Lavi I, Malki G, Vaknin-Assa H, Assali A, Kornowski R. C-THV measures of self-expandable valve positioning and correlation with implant outcomes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. (2014) 84:877–84. doi: 10.1002/ccd.25594</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horehledova B., Mihl C., Schwemmer C., Hendriks B.M.F., Eijsvoogel N.G., Kietselaer B.L.J.H., Wildberger J.E., Das M. Aortic root evaluation prior to transcatheter aortic valve implantation-Correlation of manual and semi-automatic measurements. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0199732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199732.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horehledova B, Mihl C, Schwemmer C, Hendriks BMF, Eijsvoogel NG, Kietselaer BLJH, et al. Aortic root evaluation prior to transcatheter aortic valve implantation-Correlation of manual and semi-automatic measurements. PLoS One. (2018) 13:e0199732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199732</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Овчаренко Е.А., Клышников К.Ю., Саврасов Г.В., Батранин А.В., Ганюков В.И., Коков А.Н., Нуштаев Д.В., Долгов В.Ю., Кудрявцева Ю.А., Барбараш Л.С. Прогнозирование результатов имплантации транскатетерного протеза клапана аорты на основе метода конечных элементов и данных микрокомпьютерной томографии. Современные технологии в медицине. 2016;8(1): 82-92. doi: 10.17691/stm2016.8.1.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov VV, Klyshnikov KY, Gerget OM, Skirnevsky IP, Kutikhin AG, Shilov AA, Ganyukov VI and Ovcharenko EA (2021) Aortography Keypoint Tracking for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Based on Multi-Task Learning. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 8:697737. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.697737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко П.С., Клышников К.Ю., Овчаренко Е.А. Искусственные нейронные сети в кардиологии: анализ графических данных. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2021; 20(4):193-204. doi: 10.20538/1682-0363-2021-4-193-204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amit Y., Felzenszwalb P., Girshick R. Object detection //Computer Vision: A Reference Guide. – 2020. – С. 1-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danilov V.V., Klyshnikov K.Y., Gerget O.M., Skirnevsky I.P., Kutikhin A.G., Shilov A.A., Ganyukov V.I., Ovcharenko E.A. (2021) Aortography Keypoint Tracking for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Based on Multi-Task Learning. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:697737. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.697737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laptev N.V., Laptev V.V., Gerget O.M. Detection of fire hazardous objects in a forest area based on dynamic features..</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amit, Y., Felzenszwalb, P., Girshick, R. Object Detection. In: Computer Vision: A Reference Guide.. Springer, Cham. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03243-2_660-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manakov R.A., Kolpashchikov D.Y., Laptev N.V., Danilov V.V., Skirnevskiy I.P., Gerget O.M. Visual shape and position sensing algorithm for a continuum robot // 14th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST-2019). Tomsk, Russia: TPU Publishing House, 2019. P. 399–402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаптев Н.В., Лаптев В.В., Гергет О.М. Обнаружение пожароопасных объектов в лесном массиве на основе динамических признаков. Вестник Томского государственного университета. Управление, вычислительная техника и информатика.2023;63: 72-83. doi: 10.17223/19988605/63/9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan M., Pang R., Le Q. V. Efficientdet: Scalable and efficient object detection //Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. – 2020. – С. 10781-10790</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manakov R.A., Kolpashchikov D.Y., Laptev N.V., Danilov V.V., Skirnevskiy I.P., Gerget O.M. Visual shape and position sensing algorithm for a continuum robot. 14th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST-2019). Tomsk, Russia: TPU Publishing House, 2019. P. 399–402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manakov R.A., Kolpashchikov D.Y., Laptev N.V., Danilov V.V., Skirnevskiy I.P., Gerget O.M. Visual shape and position sensing algorithm for a continuum robot. 14th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST-2019). Tomsk, Russia: TPU Publishing House, 2019. P. 399–402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилов В.В., Гергет О.М., Клышников К.Ю., Франжи А.Ф., Овчаренко Е.А. Анализ глубоких нейронных сетей для детекции стенозов коронарных артерий. Программирование. 2021; 3:3-11. doi: 10.31857/S0132347421030031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Данилов В.В., Гергет О.М., Клышников К.Ю., Франжи А.Ф., Овчаренко Е.А. Анализ глубоких нейронных сетей для детекции стенозов коронарных артерий. Программирование. 2021; 3:3-11. doi: 10.31857/S0132347421030031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan M., Pang R., Le Q. V. Efficientdet: Scalable and efficient object detection. 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). USA: Seattle, 2020. pp. 10778-10787 doi: 10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.01079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan M., Pang R., Le Q. V. Efficientdet: Scalable and efficient object detection. 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). USA: Seattle, 2020. pp. 10778-10787 doi: 10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.01079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
