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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2024-13-3S-173-190</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1521</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS. Pathological physiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЮ ДИСФУНКЦИИ ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ И СИСТЕМНОМУ ПОИСКУ ЕЕ ЦИРКУЛИРУЮЩИХ МАРКЕРОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODELING OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND SEARCH FOR ITS CIRCULATING BIOMARKERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-3888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкова</surname><given-names>Дарья Кирилловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkova</surname><given-names>Daria K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук заведующая лабораторией молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shishkovadk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-8895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>Алексей Витальевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kjerne@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-5745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Виктория Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>Victoria E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marvika97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6734-3787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Юлия Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>Yulia O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yulikmimi19@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2810-3100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каноныкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kanonykina</surname><given-names>Anastasia Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasiakanonykina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-6354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазебная</surname><given-names>Анастасия Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazebnaya</surname><given-names>Anastasia I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasialazebnaa2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-3373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Вера Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>Vera G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">matveeva_vg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0683-991X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торгунакова</surname><given-names>Евгения Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torgunakova</surname><given-names>Evgenia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniyatorgunakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутихин</surname><given-names>Антон Геннадьеавич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutikhin</surname><given-names>Anton G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук заведующий отделом экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний» Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Head of the Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonkutikhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3S</issue><issue-title>приложение</issue-title><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шишкова Д.К., Фролов А.В., Маркова В.Е., Маркова Ю.О., Каноныкина А.Ю., Лазебная А.И., Матвеева В.Г., Торгунакова Е.А., Кутихин А.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шишкова Д.К., Фролов А.В., Маркова В.Е., Маркова Ю.О., Каноныкина А.Ю., Лазебная А.И., Матвеева В.Г., Торгунакова Е.А., Кутихин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shishkova D.K., Frolov A.V., Markova V.E., Markova Y.O., Kanonykina A.Y., Lazebnaya A.I., Matveeva V.G., Torgunakova E.A., Kutikhin A.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1521">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1521</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме</p><p>Несмотря на высокую клиническую актуальность применительно к ряду острых (COVID-19, сепсис, полиорганная недостаточность) и хронических (артериальная гипертензия, синдром старческой астении, тромбоз глубоких вен) состояний и прямое влияние на развитие неблагоприятного исхода, понятие о дисфункции эндотелия остается размытым. С учетом различных пусковых факторов, механизмов развития, молекулярных признаков и патологических последствий целесообразно классифицировать дисфункцию эндотелия как типовой патологический процесс на три вида в зависимости от ведущего звена патогенеза: провоспалительную, вазоспастическую и протромботическую. За исключением гемостатически активных высокомолекулярных мультимеров фактора фон Виллебранда, сопровождающих развитие протромботической дисфункции эндотелия при COVID-19, надежные и клинически применимые циркулирующие маркеры дисфункции эндотелия остаются неизвестными, что существенно осложняет изучение способов ее терапевтической коррекции. В данном обзоре рассматриваются подходы к моделированию указанных вариантов дисфункции эндотелия на клеточных культурах и животных моделях, а также клинические сценарии верификации ее потенциальных маркеров, выявляемых в эксперименте. В качестве модельных триггеров провоспалительной дисфункции эндотелия in vitro оптимально использовать митомицин С, кальципротеиновые частицы, липополисахарид и свободные жирные кислоты, вазоспастической дисфункции – ингибиторы эндотелиальной NO-синтазы, протромботической дисфункции – S1-субъединицу Spike-белка SARS-CoV-2 или ее рецептор-связывающий домен. Для моделирования провоспалительной дисфункции эндотелия in vivo предлагается использовать митомицин С, вазоспастической дисфункции – крыс с наследственной базальной и индуцируемой стрессом артериальной гипертензией, протромботической дисфункции – внутривенное введение S1-субъединицы или ее рецептор-связывающего домена трансгенным мышам, экспрессирующим человеческий рецептор ACE2 (K18-hACE2). Системный поиск маркеров дисфункции эндотелия основывается на поэтапном масс-спектрометрическом профилировании и дот-блот-профилировании (либо мультиплексном иммунофлуоресцентном анализе на основе магнитных микросфер) клеточного секретома (в бессывороточной культуральной среде) и сыворотки крови (после ее фракционирования и удаления высокомолекулярных белков и надмолекулярных комплексов) с последующей верификацией отобранных маркеров методом иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p><p>Despite its high clinical relevance to a range of acute (COVID-19, sepsis, multiple organ failure) and chronic (arterial hypertension, frailty syndrome, deep vein thrombosis) conditions and its direct impact on the development of adverse outcomes, the concept of endothelial dysfunction remains rather vague. Considering the various triggers, development mechanisms, molecular markers, and pathological consequences, it is reasonable to classify endothelial dysfunction as a typical pathological process into three types, determined by the leading pathogenetic factor: proinflammatory, vasospastic, and prothrombotic. Except for the hemostatically active high-molecular-weight multimers of von Willebrand factor accompanying the development of prothrombotic endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19, reliable and clinically applicable circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction remain unknown, significantly complicating the study of therapeutic correction methods. This review discusses approaches to modeling these types of endothelial dysfunction in cell cultures and animal models, as well as clinical scenarios for verifying potential markers identified in experiments. For modeling proinflammatory endothelial dysfunction in vitro, it is optimal to use mitomycin C, calciprotein particles, lipopolysaccharide, and palmitic acid; for vasospastic dysfunction – endothelial NO synthase inhibitors; for prothrombotic dysfunction – the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein or its receptor-binding domain. For modeling proinflammatory endothelial dysfunction in vivo, mitomycin C is proposed; for vasospastic dysfunction – rats with hereditary baseline and stress-induced arterial hypertension; for prothrombotic dysfunction – intravenous administration of the S1 subunit or its receptor-binding domain to transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor (K18-hACE2). The systematic search for markers of endothelial dysfunction is based on step-by-step mass spectrometric profiling and dot-blot profiling (or multiplex immunofluorescent assay based on magnetic microspheres) of the cellular secretome (in serum-free culture medium) and blood serum (after fractionation and removal of high-molecular-weight proteins and supramolecular complexes), followed by verification of the selected markers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эндотелиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>Дисфункция эндотелия</kwd><kwd>Циркулирующие маркеры</kwd><kwd>Масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>Дот-блот</kwd><kwd>Мультиплексный анализ</kwd><kwd>Иммуноферментный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Endothelial cells</kwd><kwd>Endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>Circulating biomarkers</kwd><kwd>Mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>Dot blotting</kwd><kwd>Multi-analyte profiling technology</kwd><kwd>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-65-00039 «Идентификация циркулирующего маркера провоспалительной дисфункции эндотелия в контексте гетерогенности эндотелиальных клеток», https://rscf.ru/project/24-65-00039/.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 24-65-00039 “Identification of circulating endothelial dysfunction marker in context of endothelial heterogeneity” (Daria Shishkova), https://rscf.ru/project/24-65-00039/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cahill P.A., Redmond E.M. 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