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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2024-13-4-13-191-203</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1525</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНЛАЙН. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONLINE. ORIGINAL STUDIES. Pathological physiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРНЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ НОРМАЛЬНЫХ И ДИСФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭНДОТЕЛИАЛЬНЫХ КЛЕТОК АОРТЫ КРЫСЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SIGNS OF NORMAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL RAT AORTIC ENDOTHELIUM</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-1116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошелев</surname><given-names>Владислав Александрвоич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshelev</surname><given-names>Vladislav A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladkoshelev80@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-2316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Лев Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>Leo A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanovleone@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-3229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамадияров</surname><given-names>Ринат Авхадиевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamadiyarov</surname><given-names>Rinat A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rem2257@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-6354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазебная</surname><given-names>Анастасия Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazebnaya</surname><given-names>Anastasia I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasialazebnaa2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7947-5917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Александр Денисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>Alexander D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sasste334@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутихин</surname><given-names>Антон Геннадьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutikhin</surname><given-names>Anton G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук заведующий отделом экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonkutikhin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>203</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кошелев В.А., Богданов Л.А., Мухамадияров Р.А., Лазебная А.И., Степанов А.Д., Кутихин А.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кошелев В.А., Богданов Л.А., Мухамадияров Р.А., Лазебная А.И., Степанов А.Д., Кутихин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koshelev V.A., Bogdanov L.A., Mukhamadiyarov R.A., Lazebnaya A.I., Stepanov A.D., Kutikhin A.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1525">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1525</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ электронно-микроскопических признаков нормальных и дисфункциональных эндотелиальных клеток на примере нисходящей части аорты крысы (характеризующейся ламинарным потоком крови).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на 5 самцах крыс Wistar (возраст ~6 мес., масса тела ~500 г). Фрагменты нисходящей части аорты фиксировали в 2,5% глутаровом альдегиде и постфиксировали в 1% солевом растворе тетраоксида осмия с 1,5% ферроцианидом калия, инкубировали с 1% тиокарбогидразидом, окрашивали в 2% водном растворе тетраоксида осмия, контрастировали в 1% фосфорно-вольфрамовой кислоте, окрашивали 2% триацетатом гадолиния, обезвоживали в этаноле возрастающей концентрации, изопропаноле и ацетоне и пропитывали в смеси ацетона и эпоксидной смолы, а затем в чистой эпоксидной смоле Araldite 502 с ее последующей полимеризацией. После шлифовки и полировки образцы аорт были контрастированы цитратом свинца, напылены углеродом и визуализированы посредством сканирующей электронной микроскопии в обратно-рассеянных электронах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Электронно-микроскопический анализ позволил выделить три основных морфотипа нормальных эндотелиальных клеток: 1) вытянутая вдоль направления потока крови форма и продолговатое ядро; 2) полукруглая форма и овальное, круглое, бобовидное или полиморфное ядро с менее выраженной, но ясно видимой ориентацией вдоль направления потока крови; 3) крупное ядро и еще менее выраженная, но видимая ориентация вдоль направления потока крови. Базальная мембрана нормальных эндотелиальных клеток часто содержала различные дефекты. Дисфункциональные эндотелиальные клетки также имели несколько морфотипов, которые характеризовались сочетанием следующих признаков: приобретение шаровидной формы и потеря ориентации клетки вдоль направления потока крови, вакуолизация цитоплазмы, нарушение целостности плазматической мембраны, снижение контрастности между ядром и цитоплазмой и частичное открепление эндотелиальной клетки от базальной мембраны. При этом в дисфункциональных эндотелиальных клетках зачастую не наблюдалось выраженного изменения структуры органелл или прилегающей к ним базальной мембраны.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сохранение ориентации эндотелиальных клеток вдоль направления потока крови свидетельствует об их нормальном фенотипе при отсутствии иных признаков дисфункциональных эндотелиальных клеток (вакуолизации цитоплазмы, нарушения целостности плазматической мембраны, снижения контрастности между ядром и цитоплазмой и частичного открепления эндотелиальной клетки от базальной мембраны).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze the electron microscopic features of normal and dysfunctional endothelium using the descending aorta of rats (characterized by laminar blood flow).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study was conducted on 5 male Wistar rats (age ≈ 6 months, body weight ≈ 500 g). The extracted aortas were chemically fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide solution with 1.5% potassium ferrocyanide, incubated with 1% thiocarbohydrazide, stained in 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide solution, contrasted in 1% phosphotungstic acid, stained with 2% gadolinium triacetate, dehydrated in ascending concentrations of ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone, embedded in a mixture of acetone and epoxy resin, and then in pure Araldite 502 epoxy resin, followed by its polymerization. After grinding and polishing, the aorta samples were contrasted with lead citrate, coated with carbon, and visualized using backscattered scanning electron microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Electron microscopic analysis identified three main morphotypes of normal endothelial cells: 1) elongated shape along the direction of blood flow and an elongated nucleus; semicircular shape with an oval, round, kidney-shaped, or polymorphic nucleus with a less pronounced but clearly visible orientation along the direction of blood flow; 3) large nucleus with an even less pronounced but visible orientation along the direction of blood flow. The basement membrane of normal endothelial cells often contained various defects. Dysfunctional endothelium also exhibited several morphotypes, characterized by different combinations of the following features: spherical shape and loss of cell orientation along the direction of blood flow, presence of large vacuoles within the cell, cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruption of plasma membrane integrity, reduced contrast between the nucleus and cytoplasm, and partial detachment of the endothelial cell from the basement membrane. However, pronounced changes in the structure of organelles or the adjacent basement membrane were often not observed in dysfunctional endothelial cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The preservation of orientation along the direction of blood flow indicates a normal phenotype of endothelial cells in the absence of other signs of dysfunctional endothelium (vacuoles within the cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruption of plasma membrane integrity, reduced contrast between the nucleus and cytoplasm, and partial detachment of the endothelial cell from the basement membrane).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эндотелиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>Дисфункция эндотелия</kwd><kwd>Электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>Эндотелиальная механотрансдукция</kwd><kwd>Эндотелиальный гликокаликс</kwd><kwd>Базальная мембрана</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Endothelial cells</kwd><kwd>Endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>Electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>Endothelial mechanotransduction</kwd><kwd>Endothelial glycocalyx</kwd><kwd>Basement membrane</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-75-10057 «Идентификация клеточных маркеров дисфункции эндотелия», https://rscf.ru/project/24-75-10057/.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 24-75-10057 “Cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction” (Leo Bogdanov), https://rscf.ru/project/24-75-10057/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cahill P.A., Redmond E.M. 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