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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2024-13-4S-52-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1586</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Кардиология. Нейрофизиология</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ НЕЙРОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ И МАРКЕРОВ НЕЙРОВАСКУЛЯРНОЙ ЕДИНИЦЫ У КАРДИОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ МНОГОЗАДАЧНОГО ТРЕНИНГА В ТРЕХМЕРНОЙ СРЕДЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE CHANGES IN NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND NEUROVASCULAR UNIT MARKERS IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MULTITASK TRAINING IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ENVIRONMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубникова</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubnikova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук заведующая лабораторией нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgalet17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-0170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>Ирина Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iriz78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-7017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухарева</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukhareva</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук врач-невролог, научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Neurologist, Researcher at the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira-kukhareva77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-5536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanova</surname><given-names>Darya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0500-2449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатовская</surname><given-names>Евгения Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatovskaya</surname><given-names>Evgeniya E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории исследований гомеостаза отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Homeostasis Research, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8908-2070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnina</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук врач-кардиолог, научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cardiologist, Researcher at the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-5742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темникова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temnikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-кардиолог, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiologist, Laboratory Researcher at the Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4649-5921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпина</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapina</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук врач-кардиолог, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории реабилитации отдела клинической кардиологии федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cardiologist, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4S</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трубникова О.А., Тарасова И.В., Кухарева И.Н., Куприянова Д.С., Горбатовская Е.Е., Соснина А.С., Темникова Т.Б., Ляпина И.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трубникова О.А., Тарасова И.В., Кухарева И.Н., Куприянова Д.С., Горбатовская Е.Е., Соснина А.С., Темникова Т.Б., Ляпина И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trubnikova O.A., Tarasova I.V., Kukhareva I.N., Kupriyanova D.S., Gorbatovskaya E.E., Sosnina A.S., Temnikova T.B., Lyapina I.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1586">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1586</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p><p>Впервые продемонстрировано, что изменения нейрофизиологических показателей и маркеров нейроваскулярной единицы у кардиохирургических пациентов под влиянием многозадачного тренинга в трехмерной среде характеризуются оптимизацией деятельности доменов внимания и кратковременной памяти, отсутствием значимой динамики низкочастотной тета-активности и более выраженной активацией синтеза BDNF в сравнении с лицами без тренинга.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить изменения комплексного показателя когнитивного статуса в доменах нейродинамики, внимания и кратковременной памяти, индексов электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ) и маркеров нейроваскулярной единицы (НВЕ) у кардиохирургических пациентов под влиянием многозадачного тренинга в трехмерной среде.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективном рандомизированном исследовании приняли участие 100 пациентов, которых методом конвертов разделили на две группы: 47 пациентов прошли курс многозадачного тренинга в трехмерной среде, 53 пациента составили группу контроля (без тренинга). Всем пациентам помимо стандартного клинического обследования проведено расширенное исследование когнитивного статуса, ЭЭГ-показателей и маркеров НВЕ в периферической крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов, прошедших курс тренинга, на 11–12-е сут после коронарного шунтирования (КШ) определено улучшение комплексных показателей внимания и кратковременной памяти по сравнению с предоперационными значениями. Вместе с тем у пациентов группы контроля наблюдалось отсутствие значимой динамики по комплексным показателям когнитивных доменов. Анализ показателей суммарной мощности биопотенциалов ЭЭГ показал, что у пациентов, прошедших курс тренинга, показатели тета1-ритма статистически значимо не отличались от предоперационных значений. В группе без тренинга увеличение тета-активности (тета1 и тета2) было статистически значимым, как и бета-активности (бета1 и бета2). У пациентов с BP-тренингом на 16,7% чаще наблюдалось увеличение концентраций BDNF в периферической крови на 11–12-е сут после КШ, чем в группе без тренинга.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведение многозадачных тренингов с использованием трехмерной среды в раннем послеоперационном периоде КШ способствовало снижению частоты ПОКД по окончании госпитального этапа благодаря оптимизации деятельности доменов внимания и кратковременной памяти. Положительное влияние тренинга состояло в отсутствии значимой динамики низкочастотной тета-активности и в более выраженной активации синтеза BDNF в сравнении с пациентами без тренинга, что может свидетельствовать о реорганизации мозговой активности и НВЕ, однако этот эффект требует подтверждения в дальнейших исследованиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p><p>For the first time it was demonstrated that changes in the neurophysiological parameters and markers of the neurovascular unit in cardiac surgery patients under the influence of multitask training in a three-dimensional environment result in optimization of the attention and short-term memory domains, the absence of significant dynamics of low-frequency theta activity and a pronounced activation of BDNF synthesis in contrast to patients without training.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the changes in a complex index of cognitive status in the neurodynamic, attention and short-term memory domains, electroencephalogram (EEG) indices and neurovascular unit (NVU) markers in cardiac surgery patients under the influence of multitask training in a three-dimensional environment.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The prospective randomized study included 100 patients who were divided into two groups using the envelope method: 47 patients underwent a course of multitask training in a three-dimensional environment and 53 patients received no training. In addition to a standard clinical examination, all patients underwent an extended study of cognitive status, EEG parameters, and NVU markers in peripheral blood.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The complex indicators of attention and short-term memory improved at 11–12 days after CABG compared to preoperative values, but only in patients who underwent training. There were no significant changes in complex indicators of cognitive domains in patients without training. Analysis of the EEG total power revealed that theta 1 rhythm indicators did not statistically differ from preoperative values in patients who underwent training. In the group without training, the increase in theta activity (theta1 and theta2) was significant, as was beta 1–2 activity. The dynamics of changes in the BDNF indicator demonstrated that in patients with training, who had an increase in BDNF concentrations in the peripheral blood on the 1st day after CABG, there was no development of early POCD at 11–12 days after cardiac surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The multitask trainings in a three-dimensional environment contributed to a decrease in the incidence of POCD at the end of the in-hospital stage of CABG due to optimization of the activity of the attention and short-term memory domains. The positive effect of the training was the absence of significant dynamics of low-frequency theta activity and a more pronounced activation of BDNF compared to patients without training, which may indicate a reorganization of brain activity and NVU, but this effect requires confirmation in further studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Трехмерная среда</kwd><kwd>Многозадачный тренинг</kwd><kwd>Когнитивные домены</kwd><kwd>Тета-активность</kwd><kwd>Маркеры НВЕ</kwd><kwd>Кардиохирургические пациенты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Three-dimensional environment</kwd><kwd>Multitask training</kwd><kwd>Cognitive domains</kwd><kwd>Theta activity</kwd><kwd>NVU markers</kwd><kwd>Cardiac surgery patients</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-15-00379 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00379/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill N.L., McDermott C., Mogle J., Munoz E., DePasquale N., Wion R., Whitaker E. 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