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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2025-14-3-96-111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1625</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS. Cardiovascular surgery</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОБЗОР СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПРЕДСКАЗАТЕЛЬНЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ МНОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ ЧКВ: РОЛЬ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ И ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ ПОДХОДОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>REVIEW OF MODERN PREDICTIVE MODELS OF MULTIPLE COMPLICATIONS AFTER PCI: THE ROLE OF MACHINE LEARNING AND TRADITIONAL APPROACHES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-9282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гороховский</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorokhovsky</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alegorohovs@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4008-4021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пекарский</surname><given-names>Станислав Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pekarskiy</surname><given-names>Stanislav E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pekarski@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-1618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баев</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baev</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук заведующий лабораторией рентгенэндоваскулярных диагностики и лечения Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Diagnostics and Treatment at the Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stent111@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5263-9488</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасов</surname><given-names>Михаил Георгиевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasov</surname><given-names>Mikhail G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m3107@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-4191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслов</surname><given-names>Иван Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslov</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">straiker.acer@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-3354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гергерт</surname><given-names>Егор Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gergert</surname><given-names>Egor S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gergert-egor88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-6291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Юрий Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>Yuri I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuri-bogdanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-2914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанов</surname><given-names>Сыргак Мавланович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanov</surname><given-names>Syrgak M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной хирургии Научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиала Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Image-guided Endovascular Surgery, Cardiology Research Institute, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omokb_onik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Cardiology Research Institute, branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гороховский А.А., Пекарский С.Е., Баев А.Е., Тарасов М.Г., Суслов И.В., Гергерт Е.С., Богданов Ю.И., Султанов С.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гороховский А.А., Пекарский С.Е., Баев А.Е., Тарасов М.Г., Суслов И.В., Гергерт Е.С., Богданов Ю.И., Султанов С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorokhovsky A.A., Pekarskiy S.E., Baev A.E., Tarasov M.G., Suslov I.V., Gergert E.S., Bogdanov Y.I., Sultanov S.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1625">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1625</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p><p>Впервые представлен сравнительный обзор современных моделей одновременного предсказания нескольких осложнений чрескожных коронарных вмешательств, в том числе на основе машинного обучения. Продемонстрировано преимущество моделей машинного обучения (особенно XGBoost), которые даже при использовании единого набора данных обладают высокой точностью и способны учитывать сложные нелинейные факторы, ранее не учтенные в традиционных шкалах риска. Определены три ключевые модели, способные одновременно предсказывать несколько исходов без дублирования переменных, что закладывает основу для более эффективных и универсальных клинических инструментов.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Аннотация</title><p>Аннотация </p><p>Современные модели прогнозирования осложнений чрескожных коронарных вмешательств (ЧКВ) стремительно эволюционируют под влиянием новых технологий машинного обучения (МО). В данной работе представлен сравнительный обзор существующих методов, ориентированных на одновременное предсказание нескольких осложнений ЧКВ (смерть, кровотечение, острая почечная недостаточность и др.). Сравниваются традиционные шкалы стратификации риска (NCDR Cath-PCI, CART VA и др.) и современные алгоритмы МО. В базе данных PubMed по ключевым словам были найдены 2 667 работ, опубликованных за последние 10 лет и посвященных прогнозированию осложнений ЧКВ. После исключения публикаций, не представляющих в достаточном объеме информации о дизайне, построении модели и анализе виртуальных данных, дублирующих, предсказывающих только один исход, а также обзоров и отчетов о клинических случаях отобрано 9 наиболее релевантных исследований, охватывающих многотысячные реестры США, Японии и международные базы данных. Несмотря на разнообразие подходов, лишь ограниченное число моделей формально способно одновременного прогнозировать несколько осложнений на основе единого набора переменных. При этом в большинстве исследований использование МО (особенно XGBoost) повышало точность по сравнению с традиционными методами. Полученные результаты подтверждают перспективность применения машинного обучения для множественной оценки рисков ЧКВ. Однако условиями их эффективного использования в клинической практике являются надежная внешняя валидация, адаптация к локальным особенностям и учет технологических инноваций (внутрикоронарная визуализация, инвазивная физиология). Развитие методов прогнозирования, использующих МО и отвечающих этим требованиям, позволит существенно повысить точность стратификации рисков ЧКВ, оптимизировать выполнение вмешательств и улучшить исходы лечения пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Естественным расширением методологии является включение в модели данных внутрисосудистой визуализации и инвазивной физиологии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p><p>The first comparative review of modern models for predicting multiple PCI complications simultaneously, including those based on machine learning, is presented. The advantage of machine learning models (especially XGBoost) is demonstrated, which, even when using a single data set, have high accuracy and are able to take into account complex nonlinear factors that were not previously taken into account by traditional risk scales. The top 3 models have been identified that can simultaneously predict multiple outcomes without duplicating variables and it is what lays the foundation for more effective and versatile clinical tools.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p><p>Modern models for predicting complications of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are rapidly evolving under the influence of new machine learning (ML) technologies. This research presents a comparative review of existing methods aimed at simultaneously predicting multiple complications of PCI (death, bleeding, acute kidney failure, etc.). The study compares traditional risk stratification scales (such as NCDR Cath-PCI, CART VA, and others) with modern ML algorithms.</p><p>A keyword search in the PubMed database over the past 10 years identified 2 667 publications related to PCI complication prediction. After excluding publications that did not provide sufficient information regarding study design, model construction, and data analysis, those based on virtual data analysis, single-outcome prediction studies, as well as reviews and clinical case reports, 9 of the most relevant studies were selected. These studies covered large registries from the USA, Japan, and international database.</p><p>Despite the diversity of approaches, only a limited number of models are formally capable of simultaneously predicting multiple complications based on a single set of variables. Moreover, in most studies, the use of ML (particularly XGBoost) increased accuracy compared to traditional methods.</p><p>The results of the study confirm the potential of machine learning in the multi-outcome risk assessment of PCI. However, the effective use of these models in clinical practice requires reliable external validation, adaptation to local conditions, and consideration of technological innovations (such as intravascular imaging and invasive physiology). The development of ML-based prediction methods that meet these criteria will significantly improve the accuracy of PCI risk stratification, optimize procedural performance, and enhance patient outcomes in ischemic heart disease. A natural extension of this methodology is the inclusion of intravascular imaging and invasive physiology data in the models.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>Чрескожное коронарное вмешательство</kwd><kwd>Машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>Осложнения после ЧКВ</kwd><kwd>Предсказательные модели</kwd><kwd>Шкалы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ischemic heart disease</kwd><kwd>Percutaneous coronary intervention</kwd><kwd>Machine learning</kwd><kwd>PCI complications</kwd><kwd>Predictive models</kwd><kwd>Risk scores</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования исследования.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canfield J., Totary-Jain H. 40 years of percutaneous coronary intervention: history and future directions. 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