<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2026-15-2-180-186</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1736</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНЛАЙН. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONLINE. ORIGINAL STUDIES. Cardiovascular surgery</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АНАЛИЗ НАРУШЕНИЙ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОДВИЖНОСТИ И РАВНОВЕСИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВАРИКОЗНЫМ РАСШИРЕНИЕМ ВЕН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ANALYZING FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY AND BALANCE DEFICIENCIES IN VARICOSE VEIN PATIENTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8323-3659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашьяп</surname><given-names>Неха</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashyap</surname><given-names>Neha</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Scholar, NIMS College of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; Assistant Professor, SAHS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nehabcip1121@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагарвал</surname><given-names>Амитеш</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagarwal</surname><given-names>Amitesh</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, NIMS Hospital, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amitesh.nagarwal2007@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаран</surname><given-names>Аджиит Кумар</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saharan</surname><given-names>Ajeet Kumar</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Principal, NIMS College of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">principhysiotherapy@nimsuniversity.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вьяс</surname><given-names>Неха</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyas</surname><given-names>Neha</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, School of Physiotherapy, University of Engineering &amp; Management, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nehavyas555@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет НИМС в Раджастане, Джайпур, Раджастхан, Индия; Университет Галготиас, Большая Нойда, Уттар-Прадеш, Индия<country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India<country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет НИМС в Раджастане, Джайпур, Раджастхан, Индия<country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет УЭМ, Джайпур, Раджастхан, Индия<country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">UEM University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India<country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кашьяп Н., Нагарвал А., Сахаран А.К., Вьяс Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кашьяп Н., Нагарвал А., Сахаран А.К., Вьяс Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kashyap N., Nagarwal A., Saharan A.K., Vyas N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1736">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1736</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Венозная недостаточность, являющаяся распространенным проявлением варикозного расширения вен (ВВ), часто влияет на функции нижних конечностей, однако ее влияние на функциональную подвижность и равновесие остается недостаточно изученным. Функциональные ограничения и нарушения равновесия могут экспоненциально увеличивать риск падений и, следовательно, снижать качество жизни, особенно при прогрессировании венозной недостаточности.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить функциональную подвижность, мышечную силу и дефицит равновесия у пациентов с ВВ с различными клинико-этиологическими, анатомо-патофизиологическими показателями (CEAP) с использованием теста Time up and go (TUG), шкалы баланса Берга (BBS) и мануального мышечного тестирования (MMT).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Было проведено пилотное исследование, в котором приняли участие 15 человек с клиническим диагнозом VV. Участники были распределены по категориям в соответствии с рекомендациями CEAP и оценены с помощью TUG, BBS и MMT. Затем собранные данные были проанализированы для определения корреляции между стадиями CEAP и функциональными показателями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Собранные данные показали, что участники с более высоким уровнем CEAP продемонстрировали значительно более длительное время подтягивания, более низкие оценки BBS и MMT. По сравнению с теми, кто получил низкие оценки по классификации CEAP. Результат указывает на явную тенденцию к ухудшению функциональной подвижности, равновесия и мышечной силы на фоне прогрессирующей венозной недостаточности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные статистические данные подтверждают тесную взаимосвязь между классификацией CEAP и функциональным ухудшением у пациентов с ВВ. Раннее и оперативное выявление нарушений функциональной подвижности и баланса крайне важно для своевременной помощи, предотвращения падений и улучшения результатов лечения пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights </p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Venous insufficiency being a common manifestation of varicose vein (VV) frequently negotiate the lower extremity functions yet their influence on functional mobility and balance remains underexplored. Functional limitations and balance disorders may exponentially increase the risk of fall and hence, reducing quality of life, particularly when the venous deficiency progresses.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate functional mobility, muscle strength and balance deficit in VV patients with different Clinical-Etiological-Anatomical-Pathophysiological (CEAP) scoring using Time up and go test (TUG), Berg Balance scale (BBS) and manual muscle testing (MMT) scores.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A pilot study with 15 participants clinically diagnosed with VV was carried out. Participants were categorised according to CEAP guidelines and assessed using TUG, BBS and MMT. Data collected was then analysed to determine the correlation between CEAP stages and functional performance parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Data collected showed that participants with higher CEAP demonstrated substantially prolonged TUG time, reduced BBS and MMT grades. As compared to those scoring low on CEAP classifications. The result indicates a strong visible trend of deteriorating functional mobility, balance, and muscle strength with progressing venous insufficiency.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Statistical data obtained proves a strong connotation between CEAP classification and functional deterioration in VV patients in terms. Early and prompt identification of functional mobility and balance debits is imperative for opportune assistance, fall prevention, and improving patient outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Варикозное расширение вен</kwd><kwd>Функциональная подвижность</kwd><kwd>Равновесие</kwd><kwd>Подвижность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Varicose vein</kwd><kwd>Functional mobility</kwd><kwd>Balance</kwd><kwd>Mobility</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The authors claim no funding for the study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rai, R., &amp; Jindal, R. (2017). Epidemiological study of varicose veins in a peripheral tertiary care hospital. International Surgery Journal, 4(4), 1244–1248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rai, R., &amp; Jindal, R. (2017). Epidemiological study of varicose veins in a peripheral tertiary care hospital. International Surgery Journal, 4(4), 1244–1248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shankar, D. K., et al. (2014). Prevalence of varicose veins in adults: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2(3), 950–954.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shankar, D. K., et al. (2014). Prevalence of varicose veins in adults: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2(3), 950–954.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eklof, B., Rutherford, R. B., Bergan, J. J., Carpentier, P. H., Gloviczki, P., Kistner, R. L., ... &amp; Wakefield, T. W. (2004). Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: Consensus statement. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 40(6), 1248–1252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eklof, B., Rutherford, R. B., Bergan, J. J., Carpentier, P. H., Gloviczki, P., Kistner, R. L., ... &amp; Wakefield, T. W. (2004). Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: Consensus statement. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 40(6), 1248–1252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahn, S. R., M’Lan, C. E., &amp; Lamping, D. L. (2014). Relationship between clinical severity and quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: Results from an international cohort study. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 59(3), 730–738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahn, S. R., M’Lan, C. E., &amp; Lamping, D. L. (2014). Relationship between clinical severity and quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease: Results from an international cohort study. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 59(3), 730–738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuj, K. A., Prince, C. N., Hughson, R. L., &amp; Shoemaker, J. K. (2017). Cerebrovascular responses to orthostatic stress in young and older adults. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 312(3), H497–H504</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuj, K. A., Prince, C. N., Hughson, R. L., &amp; Shoemaker, J. K. (2017). Cerebrovascular responses to orthostatic stress in young and older adults. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 312(3), H497–H504</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg, K., Wood-Dauphinee, S., Williams, J. I., &amp; Maki, B. (1992). Measuring balance in the elderly: Validation of an instrument. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 83(Suppl 2), S7–S11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg, K., Wood-Dauphinee, S., Williams, J. I., &amp; Maki, B. (1992). Measuring balance in the elderly: Validation of an instrument. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 83(Suppl 2), S7–S11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hislop, H. J., Avers, D., &amp; Brown, M. (2014). Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. Elsevier Health Sciences.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hislop, H. J., Avers, D., &amp; Brown, M. (2014). Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. Elsevier Health Sciences.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Podsiadlo, D., &amp; Richardson, S. (1991). The timed "Up &amp; Go": A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39(2), 142–148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podsiadlo, D., &amp; Richardson, S. (1991). The timed "Up &amp; Go": A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39(2), 142–148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cetin C, Serbest MO, Ercan S, Yavuz T, Erdogan A. An evaluation of the lower extremity muscle strength of patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2016 Apr;31(3):203-8. doi: 10.1177/0268355515577323. Epub 2015 Mar 12. PMID: 25769839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cetin C, Serbest MO, Ercan S, Yavuz T, Erdogan A. An evaluation of the lower extremity muscle strength of patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2016 Apr;31(3):203-8. doi: 10.1177/0268355515577323. Epub 2015 Mar 12. PMID: 25769839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ercan S, Çetin C, Yavuz T, Demir HM, Atalay YB. Effects of isokinetic calf muscle exercise program on muscle strength and venous function in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2018 May;33(4):261-266. doi: 10.1177/0268355517695401. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PMID: 28954574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ercan S, Çetin C, Yavuz T, Demir HM, Atalay YB. Effects of isokinetic calf muscle exercise program on muscle strength and venous function in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2018 May;33(4):261-266. doi: 10.1177/0268355517695401. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PMID: 28954574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panny M, Ammer K, Kundi M, Katzenschlager R, Hirschl M. Severity of chronic venous disorders and its relationship to the calf muscle pump. Vasa. 2009 May;38(2):171-6. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526.38.2.171. PMID: 19588306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panny M, Ammer K, Kundi M, Katzenschlager R, Hirschl M. Severity of chronic venous disorders and its relationship to the calf muscle pump. Vasa. 2009 May;38(2):171-6. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526.38.2.171. PMID: 19588306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Câmara LC, Ritti-Dias RM, Menêses AL, D'Andréa Greve JM, Filho WJ, Santarém JM, Forjaz CL, Puech-Leão P, Wolosker N. Isokinetic strength and endurance in proximal and distal muscles in patients with peripheral artery disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2012 Nov;26(8):1114-9. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.03.012. Epub 2012 Aug 28. PMID: 22951062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Câmara LC, Ritti-Dias RM, Menêses AL, D'Andréa Greve JM, Filho WJ, Santarém JM, Forjaz CL, Puech-Leão P, Wolosker N. Isokinetic strength and endurance in proximal and distal muscles in patients with peripheral artery disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2012 Nov;26(8):1114-9. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.03.012. Epub 2012 Aug 28. PMID: 22951062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erdal ES, Demirgüç A, Kabalcı M, Demirtaş H. Evaluation of physical activity level and exercise capacity in patients with varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2021 Sep;36(8):636-643. doi: 10.1177/02683555211002339. Epub 2021 Mar 21. PMID: 33745365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdal ES, Demirgüç A, Kabalcı M, Demirtaş H. Evaluation of physical activity level and exercise capacity in patients with varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology. 2021 Sep;36(8):636-643. doi: 10.1177/02683555211002339. Epub 2021 Mar 21. PMID: 33745365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva WT, Ávila MR, de Oliveira LFF, de Souza IN, de Almeida ILGI, Madureira FP, Lacerda ACR, Mendonça VA, Pereira DAG, Lima VP, Figueiredo PHS, Costa HS. Differences in health-related quality of life in patients with mild and severe chronic venous insufficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vasc Nurs. 2021 Dec;39(4):126-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jvn.2021.09.002. Epub 2021 Oct 20. PMID: 34865723.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva WT, Ávila MR, de Oliveira LFF, de Souza IN, de Almeida ILGI, Madureira FP, Lacerda ACR, Mendonça VA, Pereira DAG, Lima VP, Figueiredo PHS, Costa HS. Differences in health-related quality of life in patients with mild and severe chronic venous insufficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vasc Nurs. 2021 Dec;39(4):126-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jvn.2021.09.002. Epub 2021 Oct 20. PMID: 34865723.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nepomuceno de Souza I, Fernandes de Oliveira LF, Geraldo Izalino de Almeida IL, Ávila MR, Silva WT, Trede Filho RG, Pereira DAG, de Oliveira LFL, Lima VP, Scheidt Figueiredo PH, Costa HS. Impairments in ankle range of motion, dorsi and plantar flexors muscle strength and gait speed in patients with chronic venous disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phlebology. 2022 Aug;37(7):496-506. doi: 10.1177/02683555221094642. Epub 2022 May 4. PMID: 35506743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nepomuceno de Souza I, Fernandes de Oliveira LF, Geraldo Izalino de Almeida IL, Ávila MR, Silva WT, Trede Filho RG, Pereira DAG, de Oliveira LFL, Lima VP, Scheidt Figueiredo PH, Costa HS. Impairments in ankle range of motion, dorsi and plantar flexors muscle strength and gait speed in patients with chronic venous disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phlebology. 2022 Aug;37(7):496-506. doi: 10.1177/02683555221094642. Epub 2022 May 4. PMID: 35506743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martín Jiménez A, Ortega Nieto C, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Figueroa A, Sánchez Jiménez E, Bermejo Gil BM, Menéndez Alegre H. Effectiveness of the different components of complex decongestive therapy in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: A systematic review. Phlebology. 2025 Apr 3:2683555251333000. doi: 10.1177/02683555251333000. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40180589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martín Jiménez A, Ortega Nieto C, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Figueroa A, Sánchez Jiménez E, Bermejo Gil BM, Menéndez Alegre H. Effectiveness of the different components of complex decongestive therapy in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: A systematic review. Phlebology. 2025 Apr 3:2683555251333000. doi: 10.1177/02683555251333000. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40180589.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
