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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2025-14-4-135-155</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1737</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS. Pathological physiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕТЕРОГЕННОСТИ ЭНДОТЕЛИАЛЬНЫХ КЛЕТОК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ENDOTHELIAL HETEROGENEITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-5745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Виктория Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>Victoria E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marvika97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-3888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкова</surname><given-names>Дарья Кирилловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkova</surname><given-names>Daria K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Laboratory for Molecular, Translational, and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shishkovadk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-8895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>Алексей Витальевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Laboratory for Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kjerne@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0820-2913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малашичева</surname><given-names>Анна Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malashicheva</surname><given-names>Anna B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук заведующая лабораторией регенеративной биомедицины федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Институт цитологии Российской академии наук, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Head of the Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Laboratory for Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amalashicheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт цитологии Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маркова В.Е., Шишкова Д.К., Фролов А.В., Малашичева А.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркова В.Е., Шишкова Д.К., Фролов А.В., Малашичева А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markova V.E., Shishkova D.K., Frolov A.V., Malashicheva A.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1737">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1737</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме</p><p>В данном обзоре анализируется молекулярная гетерогенность эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК) различных направлений дифференцировки и различной анатомической локализации и рассматривается ее патогенетическая значимость. Последние исследования с использованием секвенирования одиночных клеток продемонстрировали выраженную молекулярную гетерогенность ЭК в физиологических и патологических условиях функционирования организма, при этом молекулярная гетерогенность ЭК различных направлений дифференцировки ниже таковой в различных органах, а гетерогенность ЭК кровеносных сосудов выше, чем лимфатических. Приобретение и поддержание тканеспецифичности ЭК зависит от нескольких основных факторов: 1) характерного для того или иного органа биомеханического воздействия (параметров напряжения сдвига, циклического растяжения сосудов и плотности внеклеточного матрикса); 2) биохимических параметров циркулирующей крови (газового состава и концентрации различных молекул); 3) юкстакринных и паракринных молекулярных сигналов от других клеточных популяций в составе органа и от компонентов внеклеточного матрикса; 4) патологических процессов внутри самого органа (в особенности воспаления, гипоксии или фиброза). В силу широкого спектра возможной специализации, оптимальной для нужд того или иного органа, именно ЭК капилляров обладают наиболее выраженной гетерогенностью и имеют наибольший потенциал молекулярной пластичности. В то время как ЭК капилляров не имеют общих маркеров, менее пластичные ЭК вен и ЭК артерий имеют относительно специфичные маркеры дифференцировки в эмбриональном периоде (транскрипционный фактор COUP-TFII и рецептор B-типа к эфрину 4 (EPHB4) в ЭК вен; транскрипционные факторы сигнального пути Notch HEY1, HEY2 и HES1, белки щелевых межклеточных контактов GJA4 и GJA5, семафорин 3G (SEMA3G) и эфрин B2 (EFNB2) в ЭК артерий). Вопрос о наличии и степени выраженности молекулярной гетерогенности различных типов ЭК in vitro, а также ее патофизиологической значимости в отсутствие характерных для организма биофизических и биохимических факторов остается открытым.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p><p>In this review, we consider molecular and pathophysiological heterogeneity of distinct endothelial cell (EC) lineages and organ-specific ECs. Recent single-cell sequencing studies showed a significant endothelial heterogeneity at physiological and pathological conditions and found that molecular heterogeneity of arterial, venous, and microvascular ECs is lower than in ECs of different organs, also showing higher heterogeneity of vascular as compared with lymphatic ECs. Acquisition and maintenance of organ-specific endothelial signatures depend on organ-specific biophysical setup (i.e., shear stress, cyclic loading, and extracellular matrix stiffness); 3) biochemical profile of circulating blood (including blood gas composition and molecular profile); 3) juxtacrine and paracrine molecular signals from adjacent cell populations and surrounding extracellular matrix; 4) concomitant pathological conditions within the organ such as inflammation, hypoxia, and fibrosis. Because of tailoring to the organ-specific needs, capillary endothelial cells have significant heterogeneity and molecular plasticity, exhibiting the highest adaptation potential in comparison with arterial and venous ECs. Whilst capillary ECs lack common molecular signatures, arterial and venous ECs have specific markers in the embryonic state (COUP-TFII transcription factor and ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EPHB4) in venous ECs; HEY1, HEY2, and HES1 transcription factors, gap junction proteins GJA4 и GJA5, semaphorin 3G, and ephrin B2 (EFNB2) in arterial ECs). Nevertheless, molecular heterogeneity of distinct EC specifications in vitro and its pathophysiological significance in the absence of confounding biophysical and biochemical factors remains obscure.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эндотелиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>Артерии</kwd><kwd>Вены</kwd><kwd>Капилляры</kwd><kwd>Сосуды микроциркуляторного русла</kwd><kwd>Гетерогенность эндотелия</kwd><kwd>Молекулярная пластичность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Endothelial cells</kwd><kwd>Arteries</kwd><kwd>Veins</kwd><kwd>Capillaries</kwd><kwd>Microvessels</kwd><kwd>Endothelial heterogeneity</kwd><kwd>Molecular plasticity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-65-00039 «Идентификация циркулирующего маркера провоспалительной дисфункции эндотелия в контексте гетерогенности эндотелиальных клеток», https://rscf.ru/project/24-65-00039/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trimm E, Red-Horse K. 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