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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2026-15-4-164-175</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1741</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНЛАЙН. ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Кардиология. Лучевая диагностика. Математический анализ. Клеточная биология</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДОВ ОБЪЯСНИМОГО ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА ДЛЯ СЕГМЕНТАЦИИ И КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ АТЕРОСКЛЕРОТИЧЕСКИХ БЛЯШЕК ПО ДАННЫМ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ КОГЕРЕНТНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>APPLICATION OF EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS FOR SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES FROM OCT DATA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-8889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптев</surname><given-names>Владислав Витальевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laptev</surname><given-names>Vladislav V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук младший научный сотрудник лаборатории тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Computer Science, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lptwlad1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-1381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>Viacheslav V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук ведущий инженер по машинному обучению в компании Quantori (Кембридж, 02142, США), научный профессор Университета Помпеу Фабра Барселона, Испания</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Computer Science, Lead ML Engineer at Quantori (Cambridge, MA 02142, USA), Research Professor at Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viacheslav.v.danilov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7477-3979</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчаренко</surname><given-names>Евгений Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovcharenko</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Technical Science, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ov.eugene@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-1250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клышников</surname><given-names>Кирилл Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyshnikov</surname><given-names>Kirill Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher Laboratory of Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klyshnikovk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-0506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арнт</surname><given-names>Анастасия Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arnt</surname><given-names>Anastasiya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arnt.anastasiya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6247-1287</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесников</surname><given-names>Алексей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikov</surname><given-names>Aleksey Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inobi05@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-264X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочергин</surname><given-names>Никита Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochergin</surname><given-names>Nikita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук заведующий лабораторией тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний», Кемерово, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD Head of the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”, Kemerovo, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikotwin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Помпеу Фабра</institution><country>Испания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pompeu Fabra University</institution><country>Spain</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лаптев В.В., Данилов В.В., Овчаренко Е.А., Клышников К.Ю., Арнт А.А., Колесников А.Ю., Кочергин Н.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лаптев В.В., Данилов В.В., Овчаренко Е.А., Клышников К.Ю., Арнт А.А., Колесников А.Ю., Кочергин Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Laptev V.V., Danilov V.V., Ovcharenko E.A., Klyshnikov K.Y., Arnt A.A., Kolesnikov A.Y., Kochergin N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1741">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1741</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p><p>В работе разработан и апробирован гибридный подход, объединяющий методы глубокого обучения и объяснимого искусственного интеллекта (Explainable AI, XAI), для сегментации и классификации атеросклеротических бляшек. Применение методов объяснимого искусственного интеллекта позволило повысить интерпретируемость нейросетевых моделей и приблизить их практическое использование в клинической диагностике атеросклероза. Полученные результаты демонстрируют потенциал интеграции XAI для формирования надежных и прозрачных систем поддержки принятия решений в кардиологии.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработать и протестировать комплексный метод автоматизированной сегментации и классификации морфологических признаков атеросклеротических бляшек на основе оптической когерентной томографии с применением подходов объяснимого искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено обучение девяти современных сегментационных нейросетевых архитектур на наборе из 103 исследований оптической когерентной томографии, аннотированных по четырем ключевым признакам бляшек. Для оценки интерпретируемости результатов применены девять методов объяснимого искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наилучшие результаты сегментации достигнуты с использованием моделей DeepLabV3+ и MA-Net (DSC – до 72,1%). Методы LayerCAM и HiResCAM показали наибольшую стабильность и точность при визуализации областей внимания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный подход демонстрирует высокую точность автоматизированного анализа и интерпретируемость результатов, что способствует повышению доверия врачей и может стать основой для дальнейшего развития клинических систем в кардиологии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p><p>This study presents and validates a hybrid framework that combines deep learning with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for the segmentation and classification of atherosclerotic plaques. The incorporation of XAI techniques improves the interpretability of deep learning models, thereby facilitating their translation into clinical practice for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The results highlight the potential of XAI-enabled approaches to support the development of reliable, transparent, and clinically applicable decision support systems in cardiology.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To develop and validate a comprehensive method for automated segmentation and classification of morphological features of atherosclerotic plaques based on optical coherence tomography using explainable artificial intelligence approaches.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Nine state-of-the-art segmentation neural network architectures were trained on a dataset of 103 OCT studies annotated for four key plaque features. To assess interpretability, nine XAI methods were applied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The best segmentation results were achieved with DeepLabV3+ and MA-Net models (DSC up to 72.1%). LayerCAM and HiResCAM methods provided the most stable and accurate visualization of attention areas.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed approach demonstrates high segmentation accuracy and interpretability, enhancing clinical trust and paving the way for future development of explainable AI systems in cardiology.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>Обнаружение объектов</kwd><kwd>Атеросклеротические бляшки</kwd><kwd>Объяснимый ИИ</kwd><kwd>Сегментация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Machine learning</kwd><kwd>Object detection</kwd><kwd>Atherosclerotic plaques</kwd><kwd>Explainable AI</kwd><kwd>Segmentation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке комплексной программы фундаментальных научных исследований РАН в рамках фундаментальной темы НИИ КПССЗ 0419-2025-0001 «Разработка тканеинженерных изделий медицинского назначения для сердечно-сосудистой хирургии с использованием методов внутрисосудистой визуализации, машинного обучения и искусственного интеллекта» при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">F. 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