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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1879</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES. Cardiovascular surgery</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ПРИЖИВЛЕНИЕ СВОБОДНЫХ МЫШЕЧНЫХ ЛОСКУТОВ ПРИ НЕПРЯМОЙ РЕВАСКУЛЯРИЗАЦИИ НИЖНИХ КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИШЕМИЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE ENGRAFTMENT OF FREE MUSCLE FLAPS DURING INDIRECT REVASCULARIZATION OF THE LOWER LIMBS IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-7736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калитко</surname><given-names>Илья Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalitko</surname><given-names>Ilya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач – сердечно-сосудистый хирург ООО «Клиника инновационной хирургии», Клин, Московская область, Российская Федерация; аспирант кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии медицинского института федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы», Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular Surgeon, “Clinic of Innovation Surgery” LLC, Klin, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Postgraduate Student, Department of Hospital Surgery with the Course of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilya.kalitko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-3051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файбушевич</surname><given-names>Александр Георгиевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Faybushevich</surname><given-names>Alexander G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы», Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery with the Course of Pediatric Surgery, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">faybushevich_ag@rudn.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калитко</surname><given-names>Игорь Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalitko</surname><given-names>Igor M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук ведущий сердечно-сосудистый хирург ООО «Клиника инновационной хирургии», Клин, Московская область, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Leading Cardiovascular Surgeon, “Clinic of Innovation Surgery” LLC, Klin, Moscow Region, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klinmed@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-7475</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняев</surname><given-names>Михаил Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyaev</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук эндоваскулярный хирург ООО «Клиника инновационной хирургии», Клин, Московская область, Российская Федерация; доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы», Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Endovascular Surgeon, “Clinic of Innovation Surgery” LLC, Klin, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Associate Professor, Department of Hospital Surgery with the Course of Pediatric Surgery, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhailcherniaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Клиника инновационной хирургии»; &#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC “Clinic of Innovation Surgery”; &#13;
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Клиника инновационной хирургии»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">LLC “Clinic of Innovation Surgery”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калитко И.И., Файбушевич А.Г., Калитко И.М., Черняев М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калитко И.И., Файбушевич А.Г., Калитко И.М., Черняев М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalitko I.I., Faybushevich A.G., Kalitko I.M., Chernyaev M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1879">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1879</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p><p>При невозможности прямой (открытой или эндоваскулярной) реваскуляризации конечности при критической ишемии пациенты обречены на выполнение высокой ампутации конечности, приводящей к большому проценту послеоперационной инвалидизации и летальности; в качестве альтернативы большой ампутации у таких пациентов рассматриваются различные методы непрямой реваскуляризации, одним из которых является пересадка свободного лоскута в ишемизированную зону. Впоследствии лоскут встраивается в ишемизированный участок конечности, увеличивая его перфузию, что ведет к постепенному купированию критической ишемии. Однако несмотря на преимущества данного метода, он технически сложен, и, у части пациентов, заканчивается ранней периоперационной гибелью лоскута. В данной статье предпринята попытка проанализировать факторы, связанные с приживлением лоскута в раннем периоперационном периоде у пациентов с различной этиологией поражения артериального русла и предложить меры профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать различные факторы, влияющие на приживление свободных лоскутов в раннем послеоперационном периоде. На основании анализа таких факторов, предложить методы профилактики ранней послеоперационной гибели лоскута, уточнить критерии отбора пациентов</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ историй 39 пациентов (10 с облитерирующим тромбангиитом (болезнью Бюргера), 16 с сахарным диабетом, 13 с атеросклерозом), оперированных с 2016 по 2025 гг. которым была выполнена реваскуляризация нижних конечностей с использованием свободного мышечного лоскута (gracilis, latissimus). Оценивался возраст, лабораторные показатели (гемоглобин, белок, креатинин), наличие инфекции и спектр возбудителей, а также исходы в виде приживления или некроза лоскута.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Общая частота приживления лоскутов составила 64,1% (у 25 из 39 пациентов). Лоскут чаще погибал у более возрастных пациентов (66,8 ± 13,4 лет, p = 0,0075). У пациентов с сахарным диабетом чаще наблюдались некрозы лоскутов (62,5%), ассоциированные с раневой инфекцией или компрометацией сосудов лоскута. В группе болезни Бюргера частота приживления лоскута была максимальной (90%). Схожие возбудители раневой инфекции были у всех групп пациентов, корреляции конкретного возбудителя и гибели лоскута не выявлено. Также не найдено значимой связи лабораторных показателей и гибели лоскута.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Необходимо дальнейшее исследование метода, в особенности у пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Вероятно, контроль уровня гликированного гемоглобина как долгосрочного маркера компенсации иммунной дисфункции раны и микроангиопатии у таких пациентов, а также выполнение им вмешательства отсрочено при достижении целевых значений, могло бы улучшить результаты у данной группы пациентов. Для повышения выживаемости лоскутов и успеха реваскуляризации необходим комплексный подход: отбор комплаентных пациентов, компенсация соматической патологии, агрессивная санация раневой инфекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p><p>When direct revascularization of the limb, either open or endovascular, is not feasible in patients with critical limb ischemia, these patients are often destined to undergo major limb amputation, which is associated with high rates of postoperative disability and mortality. Various indirect revascularization techniques have been proposed as alternatives to major amputation in this patient population, one of which is free flap transfer to the ischemic area. Subsequently, the flap becomes integrated into the ischemic tissues of the limb, enhancing local perfusion and thereby contributing to the gradual relief of critical ischemia. However, despite the advantages of this approach, the procedure is technically demanding and, in a subset of patients, is complicated by early perioperative flap loss. The present study attempts to analyze factors associated with early perioperative flap survival in patients with different etiologies of arterial disease and to propose preventive measures.</p></sec><sec><title> </title></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze various factors affecting the survival of free flaps in the early postoperative period. Based on the analysis of these factors, to propose methods for preventing early postoperative flap failure and to refine patient selection criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed of medical records from 39 patients (10 with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease), 16 with diabetes mellitus, and 13 with atherosclerosis) operated between 2016 and 2025, who underwent lower limb revascularization using a free muscle flap (gracilis or latissimus dorsi). Age, laboratory parameters (Hb, protein, creatinine), presence of infection and spectrum of pathogens, as well as outcomes in terms of flap survival or necrosis were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The overall free muscle flap engraftment rate was 64.1% (25 out of 39 patients). Flaps failed more frequently in older patients (66.8 ± 13.4 years, p = 0,0075). In patients with diabetes mellitus, flap necrosis occurred more often (62.5%), mainly associated with wound infection or flap vessel compromise. In the Buerger’s disease group, the engraftment rate was maximal (90%). Similar pathogens of wound infection were observed across all patient groups, with no correlation between specific pathogens and flap loss. No significant associations were found between laboratory parameters and flap failure.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Further investigation of this technique is warranted, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. Monitoring glycated hemoglobin as a long-term marker of wound immune dysfunction and microangiopathy, and postponing surgery until target values are achieved, may improve outcomes in this patient group. To enhance flap survival and the success of revascularization, a comprehensive approach is required, including careful patient selection, optimization of comorbidities and aggressive management of wound infection.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Критическая ишемия</kwd><kwd>Дистальный тип артериального поражения</kwd><kwd>Свободный мышечный лоскут</kwd><kwd>Непрямая реваскуляризация</kwd><kwd>Гибель лоскута</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Critical ischemia</kwd><kwd>Distal-type arterial lesions</kwd><kwd>Free muscle flap</kwd><kwd>Indirect revascularization</kwd><kwd>Flap failure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования исследования.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song P., Rudan D., Zhu Y., Fowkes F.J.I., Rahimi K., Fowkes F.G.R., et al. 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