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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2026-15-2-122-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1888</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS. Pathological physiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРЕЖДЕВРЕМЕННОЕ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЕ СТАРЕНИЕ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОЖИРЕНИЕМ: ОТ КЛЕТОЧНОГО СЕНЕСЦЕНСА МАКРОФАГОВ И МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫХ СТРОМАЛЬНЫХ КЛЕТОК К КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МАНИФЕСТАЦИИ (ОБЗОР ОБЗОРОВ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PREMATURE CARDIOVASCULAR AGING IN PATIENTS WITH OBESITY: FROM CELLULAR SENESCENCE OF MACROPHAGES AND MEZENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS TO CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (REVIEW OF REVIEWS)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8300-8988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямина</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamina</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент заведующий лабораторией молекулярной патологии пищеварения научно-исследовательского центра биомедицинских исследований, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Associate Professor, Head of Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Digestion, Research Center for Biomedical Research, Professor of the Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svlvs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-9396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиш</surname><given-names>Сергей Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalish</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной патологии пищеварения научно-исследовательского центра биомедицинских исследований федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Fellow, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Digestion, Research Center for Biomedical Research Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anahoretes@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-694X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевникова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной патологии пищеварения научно-исследовательского центра биомедицинских исследований федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Research Fellow, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Digestion, Research Center for Biomedical Research, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katena_94@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-3234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямина</surname><given-names>Надежда Павловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamina</surname><given-names>Nadezhda P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор руководитель отделения кардиологии отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского», Москва, Российская Федерация; ведущий научный сотрудник Института биологии старения и медицины здорового долголетия с клиникой превентивной медицины федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского», Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Professor, Head of the Cardiology Department, Division of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the Moscow Region “Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky”, Moscow, Russian Federation; Leading Research Fellow, Institute of Biology of Aging and Healthy Longevity Medicine with the Clinic of Preventive Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution “Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky”, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svlvs@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Medicine” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М. Ф. Владимирского»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of the Moscow Region “Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky”; Federal State Budgetary Institution “Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лямина С.В., Калиш С.В., Кожевникова Е.О., Лямина Н.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лямина С.В., Калиш С.В., Кожевникова Е.О., Лямина Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyamina S.V., Kalish S.V., Kozhevnikova E.O., Lyamina N.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1888">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1888</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p></sec><sec><title>  </title><p>  </p></sec><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме</p><p>Ожирение – значимый фактор риска преждевременного развития сердечно‑сосудистых заболеваний и ускорения биологического старения. Ключевую роль в этом процессе играет накопление сенесцентных клеток в жировой ткани, в том числе мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (МСК) и макрофагов. Эти клетки провоцируют хроническое воспаление (инфламейджинг) и способствуют развитию кардиоваскулярной патологии. В рамках исследования проведен зонтичный обзор на основе методологии Joanna Briggs Institute и руководства PRISMA 2020. Анализ охватил 45 систематических обзоров и метаанализов из баз данных PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus и Cochrane Library (период поиска – 2019–2026 гг.). Методологическое качество работ оценивалось с помощью инструмента AMSTAR‑2. Результаты показали, что ожирение запускает преждевременный сенесценс МСК через активацию сигнальных путей p38MAPK/NF-κB. Это приводит к: повышению экспрессии маркеров старения (p16INK4A, p21CIP1, p53); формированию ассоциированного с сенесценсом секреторного фенотипа (SASP). SASP‑факторы (IL‑6, TNF‑α, MCP‑1) вызывают поляризацию макрофагов в провоспалительный M1‑фенотип. В результате усугубляются тканевое воспаление и эндотелиальная дисфункция. Кроме того, выявлено, что накопление сенесцентных клеток ускоряет эпигенетический возраст на 3–4 года при ожирении (показатели ΔPhenoAge и DNAmGrimAge). Клинически это проявляется ростом риска: атеросклероза; сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса; фибрилляции предсердий. Таким образом, клеточный сенесценс МСК и макрофагов – важное патогенетическое звено преждевременного сердечно‑сосудистого старения при ожирении. Перспективным направлением терапии могут стать сенолитики (препараты для элиминации сенесцентных клеток) и сеноморфики (средства для подавления SASP). Однако их эффективность требует дальнейшей клинической проверки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p><p>Obesity is a significant risk factor for the premature development of cardiovascular diseases and the acceleration of biological aging. The accumulation of senescent cells in adipose tissue, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and macrophages, plays a key role in this process. These cells provoke chronic inflammation (inflamaging) and contribute to the development of cardiovascular pathology. As part of the study, an umbrella review was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The analysis included 45 systematic reviews and meta–analyses from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (search period 2019–2026). The methodological quality of the work was assessed using the AMSTAR tool‑2. The results showed that obesity triggers premature MSCs senescence through activation of the p38MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways. This leads to: increased expression of aging markers (p16INK4a, p21Cip1, p53); formation of a secretory phenotype associated with senescence (SASP). SASP factors (IL‑6, TNF‑α, MCP‑1) cause the polarization of macrophages into the proinflammatory M1 phenotype. As a result, tissue inflammation and endothelial dysfunction worsen. In addition, it was found that the accumulation of senescent cells accelerates the epigenetic age by 3–4 years in obese patients (indicators ΔPhenoAge and DNAmGrimAge). Clinically, this is manifested by an increased risk of: atherosclerosis; heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; atrial fibrillation. Thus, the cellular senescence of MSCs and macrophages is an important pathogenetic link in premature cardiovascular aging in obesity. Senolytics (drugs for the elimination of senescent cells) and cenomorphics (agents for the suppression of SASP) may become promising areas of therapy. However, their effectiveness requires further clinical testing.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Ожирение</kwd><kwd>Преждевременное старение</kwd><kwd>Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>Клеточный сенесценс</kwd><kwd>Мезенхимальные стромальные клетки</kwd><kwd>Макрофаги</kwd><kwd>Поляризация макрофагов</kwd><kwd>SASP</kwd><kwd>Инфламейджинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Obesity</kwd><kwd>Premature aging</kwd><kwd>Cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>Cellular senescence</kwd><kwd>Mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>Macrophages</kwd><kwd>Macrophage polarization</kwd><kwd>SASP</kwd><kwd>Inflammageing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ №25-75-00081.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 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