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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2026-15-2-106-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-1901</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Анестезиология и реаниматология. Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛИНИКО-МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ТЕРАПИИ ОКСИДОМ АЗОТА В КАРДИОХИРУРГИИ: ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE THERAPY IN CARDIAC SURGERY: A REVIEW ARTICLE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-6136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тё</surname><given-names>Марк Артурович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyo</surname><given-names>Mark A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Research Fellow at the Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marik640213@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-2340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подоксенов</surname><given-names>Юрий Кириллович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podoksenov</surname><given-names>Yuri K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uk@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8457-2497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кояниди</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koyanidi</surname><given-names>Alexander Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-ординатор отделения анестезиологии и реанимации научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident Physician of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koyanidi2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-4673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Игорь Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Research Fellow at the Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Research Institute, Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kravchenko27.10.94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8322-0200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козулин</surname><given-names>Максим Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozulin</surname><given-names>Maxim S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицины критических состояний научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozulin.max98@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-4439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменщиков</surname><given-names>Николай Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamenshchikov</surname><given-names>Nikolai O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией медицины критических состояний научно-исследовательского института кардиологии – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук», Томск, Российская Федерация; ассистент кафедры анестезиологии, реаниматологии и интенсивной терапии федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Томск, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD, Head of the Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Tomsk, Russian Federation; Assistant of the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolajkamenof@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии - филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии - филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Cardiology Research Institute, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”; Siberian State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тё М.А., Подоксенов Ю.К., Кояниди А.Ю., Кравченко И.В., Козулин М.С., Каменщиков Н.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тё М.А., Подоксенов Ю.К., Кояниди А.Ю., Кравченко И.В., Козулин М.С., Каменщиков Н.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyo M.A., Podoksenov Y.K., Koyanidi A.Y., Kravchenko I.V., Kozulin M.S., Kamenshchikov N.O.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1901">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/1901</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Резюме</title><p>Резюме</p><p>Несмотря на значительный прогресс кардиохирургии, частота послеоперационных осложнений остается высокой. Использование экзогенного оксида азота (NO) рассматривается как перспективный метод периоперационной органопротекции. Экспериментальные и клинические данные свидетельствуют о том, что периоперационная доставка NO позволяет модулировать ишемически-реперфузионное повреждение, активировать цГМФ-зависимые сигнальные пути, ограничивать оксидативный стресс и воспалительную реакцию.</p><p>В обзоре представлены современные данные о кардиопротективных, нефропротективных, пульмонопротективных и антиинфекционных эффектах периоперационной NO-терапии.</p><p>Особое внимание уделено молекулярным механизмам действия NO, включая регуляцию митохондриальной функции, модуляцию эндотелиальной дисфункции, влияние на гемостаз и системный воспалительный ответ. Обсуждаются патофизиологические предпосылки снижения биодоступности эндогенного NO в условиях искусственного кровообращения и роль его экзогенной компенсации в формировании органозащитного фенотипа. Несмотря на обнадеживающие результаты клинических исследований, остаются нерешенными вопросы оптимальных режимов дозирования, длительности терапии и стратификации пациентов по риску органной дисфункции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract</p><p>Despite significant advances in cardiac surgery, the incidence of postoperative complications remains high. The use of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) is considered a promising method of perioperative organ protection. Experimental and clinical data indicate that perioperative delivery of NO can modulate ischemia–reperfusion injury, activate cGMP-dependent signaling pathways, and limit oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.</p><p>This review presents current data on the cardioprotective, nephroprotective, pulmonoprotective, and anti-infective effects of perioperative NO therapy.</p><p>Special attention is given to the molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide action, including regulation of mitochondrial function, modulation of endothelial dysfunction, and its effects on hemostasis and the systemic inflammatory response. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying reduced endogenous NO bioavailability during cardiopulmonary bypass and the role of its exogenous compensation in promoting an organ-protective phenotype are discussed.</p><p>Despite encouraging clinical trial results, important questions remain unresolved regarding optimal dosing regimens, duration of therapy, and risk-based stratification of patients for organ dysfunction.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Кардиохирургия</kwd><kwd>Искусственное кровообращение</kwd><kwd>Оксид азота</kwd><kwd>Нефропротекция</kwd><kwd>Кардиопротекция</kwd><kwd>Пульмонопротекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>Cardiopulmonary bypass</kwd><kwd>Nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>Nephroprotection</kwd><kwd>Cardioprotection</kwd><kwd>Pulmonoprotection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>По теме ФНИ № 125041705260-5 «Медицинские газы в сердечно-сосудистой хирургии: импорт, опережающие технологии и влияние на клинические исходы», дата регистрации – 17.04.2025.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nathan C. 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(In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
