kpcczКомплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийComplex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases2306-12782587-9537Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”10.17802/2306-1278-2019-8-3-85-95kpccz-600Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОРANALYTICAL REVIEWПОСТТРАНСКРИПЦИОННОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ В РАЗВИТИИ ВРОЖДЁННЫХ ПОРОКОВ СЕРДЦА: ЗНАЧЕНИЕ микроРНКPOSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: THE ROLE OF miRNAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3002-2863ПонасенкоА. В.PonasenkoA. V.

Понасенко Анастасия Валериевна, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией геномной медицины отдела экспериментальной и клинической кардиологии

ул. Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово

Ponasenko Anastasia V., PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology

6, Sosnoviy Blvd, Kemerovo, 650002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-8732ЦепокинаА. В.TsepokinaA. V.

Цепокина Анна Викторовна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории геномной медицины отдела экспериментальной и клинической кардиологии

ул. Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово

Tsepokina Anna V., researcher assistant at the Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology

6, Sosnoviy Blvd, Kemerovo, 650002

cepoav1991@gmail.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»РоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”Russian Federation201926092019838595Copyright © Понасенко А.В., Цепокина А.В., 20192019Понасенко А.В., Цепокина А.В.Ponasenko A.V., Tsepokina A.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/600

Врожденные пороки сердца являются наиболее распространённой аномалией плода и одной из главных причин детской инвалидизации и смертности. Врожденные пороки сердца представляет собой гетерогенную группу сердечных аномалий, включающую дефект предсердной перегородки, дефекты клапанного аппарата и аномалии оттока. Генетическая, эпигенетическая или экологическая основа врожденного порока сердца в каждом конкретном эпизоде заболевания остается недостаточно понятной. Вероятнее всего, механизм формирования порока является многофакторным и полиэтиологичным. Тем не менее, разрабатываемые новые современные технологии генетической диагностики, включая полиморфизм замен одного нуклеотида, варианты числа копий, секвенирование следующего поколения, ускоряет обнаружение генетических причин аномалий сердца. Недавние исследования предполагают роль малых некодирующих РНК (микроРНК) в патогенезе врожденных пороков сердца. Установлено, что микроРНК координируют развитие сердца и стимулируют патологические процессы в нем, включая фиброз или гипертрофию и нарушение ангиогенеза. Таким образом, возможность изучения микроРНК и путей их влияния при формировании разных пороков сердца демонстрирует большой потенциал в качестве терапевтических мишеней в регенеративной медицине. В этом обзоре мы представляем прошлые и недавние генетические открытия, даём обзор функции микроРНК, сигнальные пути, через которые реализуются их функции и выясняем их роль в отдельных врожденных пороках сердца.

Congenital heart disease is the most common fetal abnormality resulting in high pediatric disability and mortality. Congenital heart disease is a heterogeneous group of cardiac abnormalities including atrial septal defect, valvular defects and cardiac outflow tract anomalies. Genetic, epigenetic and ecological factors leading to the development of congenital heart defects in each particular case remain poorly understood. Nevertheless, multifactorial and polygenic mechanisms underlying the disease may be suggested. Moreover, advanced genetic technologies including single nucleotide polymorphism testing, copy number variation and next-generation sequencing ensure early detection of genetic causes of heart abnormalities. Recent studies suggested the contributing role of small non-coding RNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects. miRNA is known to coordinate the development of heart and stimulate such pathological processes like fibrosis, hypertrophy and impaired angiogenesis. Thus, the study of miRNA and its impact on the pathogenesis of various heart diseases has demonstrated its promising potential for therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine. The review presents recent genetic findings, miRNA functions, signaling pathways and evidences on its role in the development of certain congenital heart defects.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.