<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2020-9-2-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-701</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коронавирусная инфекция - актуальная проблема XXI века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Coronavirus disease: a global problem of the 21st century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-6239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баздырев</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazdyrev</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баздырев Евгений Дмитриевич - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией эпидемиологии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний отдела оптимизации медицинской помощи при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях.</p><p>Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bazdyrev Evgeny D. - PhD, Head of the Laboratory for the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Disease Medical Care Optimization Department</p><p>6, Sosonoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edb624@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баздырев Е.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баздырев Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bazdyrev E.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/701">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/701</self-uri><abstract><p>В декабре 2019 г. в Китае зарегистрирована серия необъяснимых случаев пневмонии. Последующие исследования выявили новый штамм коронавируса - SARS-CoV-2, который является возбудителем острого инфекционного заболевания Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). За короткий период времени эпидемия новой коронавирусной инфекции переросла в пандемию, охватившую более 200 стран мира. Представленный обзор включает актуальные данные по этиологии, эпидемиологии, патогенезу, клиническим проявлениям, принципам диагностики и лечения коронавирусной инфекции нового типа, а также отражает представления о влиянии COVID-19 на сердечно-сосудистую систему.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A series of unexplained cases with pneumonia have been reported in China since December 2019. Subsequent studies have found a novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of acute infectious disease that has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has outbroken as a global pandemic affecting over 200 countries. This review focuses on a novel coronovirus disease, reporting all available data on its etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, principles of diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the impact of COVID on the cardiovascular system is highlighted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Пандемия</kwd><kwd>Сердечнососудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>Острый респираторный дистресс-синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Pandemic</kwd><kwd>Cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>Acute respiratory distress syndrome</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Публикация подготовлена в рамках сотрудничества с научно-образовательным центром мирового уровня «Кузбасс»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su S., Wong G., Shi W., Liu J., Lai A.C.K., Zhou J. et al. Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol. 2016; 24: 490-502. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su S., Wong G., Shi W., Liu J., Lai A.C.K., Zhou J. et al. Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol. 2016; 24: 490-502. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4): 281-286. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4): 281-286. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Временные методические рекомендации Версия 4.0 (27.03.20). Режим доступа: https://urlid.ru/c30s (дата обращения 16.04.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ministerstvo zdravoohranenija Rossijskoj Federaciiю Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoj koronavirusnoj infekcii (COVID-19). Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendacii. Versija 4.0 (27.03.20). [Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Temporary guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 4.0 (03/27/20). ]. Available at: https://urlid.ru/c30s (accessed 16.04.2020) (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y, Liu Q., Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(4):418-423. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25681.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y, Liu Q., Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(4):418-423. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25681.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui J., Li F., Shi Z.L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17: 181-192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui J., Li F., Shi Z.L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019; 17: 181-192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan K.S., Zheng J.P., Mok Y.W., Li Y.M., Liu Y.N., Chu C.M. et al. SARS: prognosis, outcome and sequelae. Respirology. 2003; 8(Suppl): 36-40. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00522.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan K.S., Zheng J.P., Mok Y.W., Li Y.M., Liu Y.N., Chu C.M. et al. SARS: prognosis, outcome and sequelae. Respirology. 2003; 8(Suppl): 36-40. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00522.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badawi A., Ryoo S.G. Prevalence of diabetes in the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health Res. 2016; 5(3): 733. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2016.733.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badawi A., Ryoo S.G. Prevalence of diabetes in the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health Res. 2016; 5(3): 733. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2016.733.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li B., Yang J., Zhao F., Zhi L., Wang X., Liu L. et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li B., Yang J., Zhao F., Zhi L., Wang X., Liu L. et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun P., Lu X., Xu C., Sun W., Pan B. Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun P., Lu X., Xu C., Sun W., Pan B. Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стопкоронавирус.рф [интернет]. Режим доступа: https:// xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai/# (дата обращения 16.04.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stopkoronavirus.rf: [Internet]. [Stopkoronavirus.rf: [Internet].]. Available at: https://xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn-p1ai/# (accessed 23.06.2013) (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanders J.M., Monogue M.L., Jodlowski T.Z., Cutrell J.B. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanders J.M., Monogue M.L., Jodlowski T.Z., Cutrell J.B. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han Y., Yang H. The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19): a Chinese perspective. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han Y, Yang H. The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19): a Chinese perspective. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan W., Aboulhosn J. The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan W., Aboulhosn J. The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai Y., Yao L., Wei T. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020; 21: 19-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai Y, Yao L., Wei T. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020; 21: 19-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mizumoto K., Kagaya K., Zarebski A. Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020. Eurosurveillance. 2020; 25(10): 2000180. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mizumoto K., Kagaya K., Zarebski A. Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020. Eurosurveillance. 2020; 25(10): 2000180. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Zhou L., Tong Y, Ren R. et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(13): 1199-1207. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Zhou L., Tong Y., Ren R. et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(13): 1199-1207. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flahault A. Has China faced only a herald wave of SARS-CoV-2? Lancet. 2020; 395(10228): 947. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30521-3 49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flahault A. Has China faced only a herald wave of SARS-CoV-2? Lancet. 2020; 395(10228): 947. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30521-3 49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cobum B.J., Wagner B.G., Blower S. Modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu (H1N1). BMC Med. 2009; 7(1): 30. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-7-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coburn B.J., Wagner B.G., Blower S. Modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu (H1N1). BMC Med. 2009; 7(1): 30. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-7-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menachery V.D., Yount B.L., Debbink K., Agnihothram S., Gralinski L.E., Plante J.A. et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat. Med. 2015; 21(12): 1508-1513. doi: 10.1038/nm.3985.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menachery VD., Yount B.L., Debbink K., Agnihothram S., Gralinski L.E., Plante J.A. et al. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat. Med. 2015; 21(12): 1508-1513. doi: 10.1038/nm.3985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wan Y, Shang J., Graham R., Baric R.S., Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. J Virol. 2020; 94(7): 1-9. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00127-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wan Y, Shang J., Graham R., Baric R.S., Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. J Virol. 2020; 94(7): 1-9. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00127-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia H.P, Look D.C., Shi L., Hickey M., Pewe L., Netland J. et al. ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway epithelia. J Virol. 2005; 79(23): 14614-14621. doi: 10.1128/jvi.79.23.14614-14621.2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jia H.P., Look D.C., Shi L., Hickey M., Pewe L., Netland J. et al. ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway epithelia. J Virol. 2005; 79(23): 14614-14621. doi: 10.1128/jvi.79.23.14614-14621.2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sodhi C.P., Wohlford-Lenane C., Yamaguchi Y, Prindle T., Fulton W.B., Wang S. et al. Attenuation of pulmonary ACE2 activity impairs inactivation of des-Arg9 bradykinin/BKB1R axis and facilitates LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2018; 314(1): 17-31. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00498.2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sodhi C.P., Wohlford-Lenane C., Yamaguchi Y, Prindle T., Fulton W.B., Wang S. et al. Attenuation of pulmonary ACE2 activity impairs inactivation of des-Arg9 bradykinin/BKB1R axis and facilitates LPS-induced neutrophil infiltration. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2018; 314(1): 17-31. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00498.2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., Qu J., Gong F., Han Y et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., Qu J., Gong F., Han Y et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oudit G.Y, Kassiri Z., Jiang C., Liu P.P., Poutanen S. M., Penninger J.M. et al. SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with SARS. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009; 39(7): 618-625. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oudit G.Y, Kassiri Z., Jiang C., Liu P.P., Poutanen S. M., Penninger J.M. et al. SARS-coronavirus modulation of myocardial ACE2 expression and inflammation in patients with SARS. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009; 39(7): 618-625. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02153.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Short K.R., Kroeze E.J.B.V., Fouchier R.A.M., Kuiken T. Pathogenesis of influenza-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 14(1): 57-69. doi: 10.1016/ S1473-3099(13)70286-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Short K.R., Kroeze E.J.B.V., Fouchier R.A.M., Kuiken T. Pathogenesis of influenza-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 14(1): 57-69. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70286-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mora R., Arold S., Marzan Y, Suki B., Ingenito E.P Determinants of surfactant function in acute lung injury and early recovery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000; 279(2): 342-349. doi:10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.2.l342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mora R., Arold S., Marzan Y., Suki B., Ingenito E.P. Determinants of surfactant function in acute lung injury and early recovery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000; 279(2): 342-349. doi:10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.2.l342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y, Liang W.H., Ou C.Q., He J.X. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y, Hu Y, Liang W.H., Ou C.Q., He J.X. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang X., Yu Y, Xu J., Shu H., Xia J., Liu H. et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 2600(20): 1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang X., Yu Y., Xu J., Shu H., Xia J., Liu H. et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 2600(20): 1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руководство по диагностике и лечению болезней системы кровообращения в контексте пандемии COVID-19. Режим доступа: https://urlid.ru/c30r (дата обращения 18.04.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukovodstvo po diagnostike i lecheniju boleznej sistemy krovoobrashhenija v kontekste pandemii COVID-19 [Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of circulatory system diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.]. Available at: https://urlid.ru/c30r (accessed 18.04.2020) (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анестезиолого-реанимационное обеспечение пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19: ключевые положения. Версия 1 от 07 апреля 2020 года. Методические рекомендации. Режим доступа: https://urlid.ru/c30q (дата обращения 18.04.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anesteziologo-reanimacionnoe obespechenie pacientov s novoj koronavirusnoj infekciej COVID-19: kljuchevye polozhenija. Versija 1 ot 07 aprelja 2020 goda. Metodicheskie rekomendacii [Anesthetics and resuscitation of patients with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19: key points. Version 1 of April 07, 2020. Guidelines]. Available at: https://urlid.ru/c30q (accessed 18.04.2020) (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L.Q., Huang T., Wang Y.Q., Wang Z.P., Liang Y, Huang T.B. et al. COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L.Q., Huang T., Wang Y.Q., Wang Z.P., Liang Y, Huang T.B. et al. COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C., Wang Y, Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C., Wang Y, Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirns in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 497506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., Zhu F., Liu X., Zhang J. et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., Zhu F., Liu X., Zhang J. et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y, Liu Z. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1054-1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y, Liu Z. et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1054-1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Driggin E., Madhavan M.V., Bikdeli B., Chuich T., Laracy J., Bondi-Zoccai G. et al. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Driggin E., Madhavan M.V., Bikdeli B., Chuich T., Laracy J., Bondi-Zoccai G. et al. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li F., Li W., Farzan M., Harrison S.C. Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor. Science. 2005; 309(5742): 1864-1868. doi:10.1126/science.1116480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li F., Li W., Farzan M., Harrison S.C. Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor. Science. 2005; 309(5742): 1864-1868. doi:10.1126/science.1116480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu R., Zhao X., Li J., Niu P., Yang B., Wu H. et al. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224): 565-574. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu R., Zhao X., Li J., Niu P., Yang B., Wu H. et al. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224): 565-574. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Z., Shi L., Wang Y, Zhang J., Huang L., Zhang C. et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4): 420-422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Z., Shi L., Wang Y, Zhang J., Huang L., Zhang C. et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4): 420-422. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lippi G., Lavie C.J., Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lippi G., Lavie C.J., Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou P, Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798): 270-273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798): 270-273. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Chaitman B,R,, Bax J.J., Morrow D.A. et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 72: 2231-2264. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., Jaffe A.S., Chaitman B,R,, Bax J.J., Morrow D.A. et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 72: 2231-2264. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buzon J., Roignot O., Lemoine S., Perez P, Kimmoun A., Levy B. et al. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by influenza A virus. Intern Med. 2015; 54(16): 2017-2019. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buzon J., Roignot O., Lemoine S., Perez P., Kimmoun A., Levy B. et al. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy triggered by influenza A virus. Intern Med. 2015; 54(16): 2017-2019. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang N., Li D., Wang X., Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(4): 844-847. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang N., Li D., Wang X., Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(4): 844-847. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan B.E., Chong V.C.L., Chan S.S.W, Lim G.H., Lim K.G.E., Tan G.B. et al. Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection. Am J Hematol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan B.E., Chong V.C.L., Chan S.S.W., Lim G.H., Lim K.G.E., Tan G.B. et al. Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection. Am J Hematol. 2020. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">KALETRA(R) oral film coated tablets, oral solution, lopinavir ritonavir oral film coated tablets, oral solution. Product Insert. AbbVie Inc. (per FDA), North Chicago, IL, 2013. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/la bel/2013/021251s046_021906s039lbl.pdf (accessed 13.04.2020)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">KALETRA(R) oral film coated tablets, oral solution, lopinavir ritonavir oral film coated tablets, oral solution. Product Insert. AbbVie Inc. (per FDA), North Chicago, IL, 2013. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/la bel/2013/021251s046_021906s039lbl.pdf (accessed 13.04.2020)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeCarolis D.D., Westanmo A.D., Chen Y.C., Boese A.L., Walquist M.A., Rector T.S. Evaluation of a potential interaction between new regimens to treat hepatitis C and warfarin. Ann Pharmacother. 2016; 50(11): 909-917. doi: 10.1177/1060028016660325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeCarolis D.D., Westanmo A.D., Chen Y.C., Boese A.L., Walquist M.A., Rector T.S. Evaluation of a potential interaction between new regimens to treat hepatitis C and warfarin. Ann Pharmacother. 2016; 50(11): 909-917. doi: 10.1177/1060028016660325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frost C.E., Byon W., Song Y, Wang J., Schuster A.E., Boyd R.A. et al. Effect of ketoconazole and diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015; 79(5): 838-846. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12541.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frost C.E., Byon W., Song Y, Wang J., Schuster A.E., Boyd R.A. et al. Effect of ketoconazole and diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of apixaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015; 79(5): 838-846. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12541.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueck W., Kubitza D., Becka M. Co-administration of rivaroxaban with drugs that share itselimination pathways: pharmacokinetic effects in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013; 76(3): 455-466. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12075.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueck W., Kubitza D., Becka M. Co-administration of rivaroxaban with drugs that share itselimination pathways: pharmacokinetic effects in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013; 76(3): 455-466. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12075.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Itkonen M.K., Tornio A., Lapatto-Reiniluoto O., Neuvonen M., Neuvonen PJ.,Niemi M. et al. Clopidogrel increases dasabuvir exposure with or without ritonavir, and ritonavir inhibits the bioactivation of clopidogrel. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019; 105(1): 219-228. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Itkonen M.K., Tornio A., Lapatto-Reiniluoto O., Neuvonen M., Neuvonen PJ.,Niemi M. et al. Clopidogrel increases dasabuvir exposure with or without ritonavir, and ritonavir inhibits the bioactivation of clopidogrel. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019; 105(1): 219-228. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marsousi N., Daali Y., Fontana P, Reny J.L., Ancrenaz-Sirot V, Calmy A. et al. Impact of boosted antiretroviral therapy on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of clopidogrel and prasugrel active metabolites. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018; 57(10): 1347-1354. doi: 10.1007/s40262-018-0637-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marsousi N., Daali Y, Fontana P., Reny J.L., Ancrenaz-Sirot V., Calmy A. et al. Impact of boosted antiretroviral therapy on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of clopidogrel and prasugrel active metabolites. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018; 57(10): 1347-1354. doi: 10.1007/s40262-018-0637-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mulangu S., Dodd L.E., Davey R.T., Tshiani Mbaya O., Proschan M., Mukadi D. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(24): 2293-2303. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mulangu S., Dodd L.E., Davey R.T., Tshiani Mbaya O., Proschan M., Mukadi D. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(24): 2293-2303. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wrapp D., Wang N., Corbett K.S. Goldsmith J.A.., Hsieh C.L., Abiona O. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367(6483): 1260-1263. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2507.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wrapp D., Wang N., Corbett K.S. Goldsmith J.A.., Hsieh C.L., Abiona O. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367(6483): 1260-1263. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2507.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel V.B., Zhong J.C., Grant M.B., Oudit G.Y. Role of the ACE2/angiotensin 1-7 axis of the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure. Circ Res. 2016; 118(8): 1313-1326. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.307708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel V.B., Zhong J.C., Grant M.B., Oudit G.Y Role of the ACE2/angiotensin 1-7 axis of the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure. Circ Res. 2016; 118(8): 1313-1326. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.307708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
