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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kpccz</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2306-1278</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-9537</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17802/2306-1278-2021-10-2-16-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kpccz-851</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES. Pathological physiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура кальцификатов в биопротезах клапанов сердца, консервированных диглицидиловым эфиром этиленгликоля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves treated with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушкова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глушкова Татьяна Владимировна - кандидат биологических наук старший научный сотрудник лаборатории новых биоматериалов отдела экспериментальной медицины.</p><p>Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово, 650002.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Glushkova Tatyana V. - PhD, senior researcher at the Laboratory of New Biomaterials, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases».</p><p>6, Sosnoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bio.tvg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-0315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюнин</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyunin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костюнин Александр Евгеньевич - кандидат биологических наук научный сотрудник лаборатории новых биоматериалов отдела экспериментальной медицины.</p><p>Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово, 650002.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kostyunin Alexander E. - PhD, researcher at the Laboratory of New Biomaterials, Department of Experimental Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases».</p><p>6, Sosnoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глушкова Т.В., Костюнин А.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глушкова Т.В., Костюнин А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glushkova T.V., Kostyunin A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/851">https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/851</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. Морфология и элементный состав кальциевых депозитов, сформированных в тканях эпоксиобработанных биопротезов в аортальной и митральной позициях, не отличались от кальцификатов, выявленных в минерализованном матриксе створок стенозированного аортального клапана человека. Элементный состав минеральных отложений в биопротезах «КемКор» и «ЮниЛайн» одинаковый, тогда как морфология кальцификатов различалась между рассматриваемыми моделями клапанных заменителей и, по-видимому, обусловлена специфичностью строения волокнистого матрикса биоткани, использованной при их изготовлении.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнительный анализ морфологии и элементного состава минеральных отложений, образованных в створках эпоксиобработанных биопротезов, в зависимости от позиции имплантации (аортальной или митральной) и типа биоматериала (ксеноаортальный или ксеноперикардиальный); оценка кальциевых депозитов, сформированных в тканях протезных клапанов, относительно кальцификатов из пораженного клапана аорты человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании использованы створки клапанных биопротезов «КемКор» и «ЮниЛайн» (ЗАО «НеоКор», Кемерово, Россия), эксплантированных из митральной и аортальной позиций по причине дисфункций, а также створки кальцинированного аортального клапана (АК), удаленного при его протезировании. Морфологию кальцификатов изучали методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии с использованием микроскопа S-3400N (Hitachi, Япония), их элементный состав - методом электронно-зондового микроанализа с помощью энергодисперсионного спектрометра XFlash 4010 (Bruker, Германия), входящего в конструкцию указанного микроскопа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В изученных образцах обнаружены крупные внутренние кальцификаты, окруженные коллагеновыми волокнами, как правило, с признаками начала минерализации. В створках нативного клапана аорты и ксеноаортальных биопротезов «КемКор» кальциевые отложения располагались преимущественно в спонгиозном слое и имели рыхлую структуру, тогда как в створках перикардиальных протезов «ЮниЛайн» присутствовали плотные кальцификаты пластинчатой формы. Анализ элементного состава кальциевых депозитов показал присутствие Са, Р, O, Mg и Na в минерализованных участках и наличие S в областях с меньшей электронной плотностью. Соотношение Са/Р для кальцификатов в створках АК составило 1,81 (1,79-1,84; min - 1,48; max - 2,05), в створках биопротезов «ЮниЛайн» и «КемКор» - 1,78 (1,751,86; min - 1,52; max - 2,03) и 1,82 (1,81-1,88; min - 1,71; max - 2,06) соответственно. Достоверных различий в соотношении Са/Р между кальцификатами в исследованных группах не выявлено (р&gt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Кальциевые депозиты, выявленные в ткани эпоксиобработанных биопротезов и АК человека, по-видимому, образованы посредством дистрофической минерализации. Морфология кальцификатов в биопротезах зависит от типа биологической ткани, в которой они сформированы. Связь между морфологической структурой кальцификатов, обнаруженных в створках биопротезов, и позицией имплантации изделий не выявлена. Элементный состав минеральных отложений не различался во всех изученных образцах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Highlights</title><p>Highlights. The morphology and elemental composition of calcium deposits formed in the tissues of epoxytreated aortic and mitral bioprostheses do not differ from those in the mineralized matrix of stenotic human aortic valve leaflets. Despite similar elemental composition of mineral deposits in the KemCor and UniLine bioprostheses, the morphology of these calcifications differs between bioprosthetic heart valve substitutes and, apparently, is associated with the specific structure of the fibrous matrix of the biological tissues that are used for their manufacturing.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze the morphology and elemental composition of mineral deposits formed in epoxy-treated aortic and mitral bioprosthetic heart valves made from xenoaortic or xenopericardial material and to compare the obtained findings with the data on calcified human aortic valve.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Leaflets of the mitral and aortic bioprosthetic heart valves KemCor and UniLine (NeoKor, L Russia, Kemerovo) that were explanted due to their failure, as well as leaflets of the calcified native aortic valve were evaluated. The morphology of calcifications was studied by scanning electron microscopy using an S-3400N microscope (Hitachi, Japan). The elemental composition of calcium deposits was studied by electron probe microanalysis using Hitachi S-3400N microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer Bruker XFlash 4010 (Bruker, Germany).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Large calcifications located at the internal layers of samples were surrounded by collagen fibers commonly with evident signs of the onset of mineralization. Calcium deposits in the native aortic valve and xenoartic bioprostheses KemCor were located mainly at the spongy layer and had a loose structure, while dense lamellar deposits were found at the leaflets of pericardial bioprostheses UniLine. The elemental composition of calcium deposits showed the presence of Ca, P, O, Mg, and Na in the mineralized regions and the presence of S in the regions of low electron density. The calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) in the calcifications of the aortic valve leaflets was 1.81 (1.79-1.84; min - 1.48; max - 2.05), whereas the Ca:P ratios in the UniLine and KemCor bioprostheses were 1.78 (1.75-1.86; min - 1.52; max - 2.03) and 1.82 (1.81-1.88; min - 1.71; max - 2.06), respectively. There were no significant differences in the Ca:P ratios between calcifications in the study groups (p&gt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Calcium deposits detected in epoxy-treated bioprostheses and human aortic valve appeared to be formed under dystrophic calcification. The morphology of calcifications in bioprostheses depended on the type of biological tissue. None correlations between the morphological structure of calcifications and the implantation position were found in bioprosthetic leaflets. The elemental composition of mineral deposits was similar in all study samples.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Биопротезы клапанов сердца</kwd><kwd>Аортальный клапан</kwd><kwd>Кальцификация</kwd><kwd>Гидроксилапатит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bioprosthetic heart valves</kwd><kwd>Aortic valve</kwd><kwd>Calcification</kwd><kwd>Hydroxylapatite</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках комплексной программы фундаментальных научных исследований СО РАН по фундаментальной теме НИИ КПССЗ № 0546-2015-0011 «Патогенетическое обоснование разработки имплантатов для сердечно-сосудистой хирургии на основе биосовместимых материалов с реализацией пациент-ориентированного подхода с использованием математического моделирования, тканевой инженерии и геномных предикторов».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumgartner H., Falk V., Bax J.J., De Bonis M., Hamm C., Holm P.J., Iung B., Lancellotti P., Lansac E., Rodriguez Munoz D., Rosenhek R., Sjogren J., Tornos Mas P., Vahanian A., Walther T., Wendler O., Windecker S., Zamorano J.L., ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. 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