kpcczКомплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийComplex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases2306-12782587-9537Federal State Budgetary Institution “Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases”10.17802/2306-1278-2021-10-2-113-124kpccz-855Research ArticleАНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР. Анестезиология и реаниматологияREVIEWS. Anaesthesiology and intensive careСовременные методы ограничения системного воспалительного ответа при коррекции врожденных пороков сердца у детей в условиях искусственного кровообращенияTreatment of systemic inflammatory response syndrome following on-pump pediatric congenital heart surgeryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1636-9510БорисенкоД. В.BorisenkoD. V.

Борисенко Дмитрий Викторович - врач - анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии-реанимации.

Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово, 650002.

Borisenko Dmitry V. - M.D., an intensivist at the Intensive Care Unit, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases.

6, Sosnoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-1642ИвкинА. А.IvkinA. A.

Ивкин Артём Александрович - аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории анестезиологии-реаниматологии и патофизиологии критических состояний отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов НИИ КПССЗ; ассистент кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии КемГМУ.

Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово, 650002; ул. Ворошилова, 22а, Кемерово, 650056.

Ivkin Artem A. - M.D. a Ph.D. student, a research assistant at the Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pathophysiology of Critical Conditions, Department of Heart and Vascular Surgery, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; a lecturer assistant at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

6, Sosnoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002; 22a, Voroshilova St., Kemerovo, 650056.

aai-tema@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-2463ШукевичД. Л.ShukevichD. L.

Шукевич Дмитрий Леонидович - доктор медицинских наук заведующий лабораторией анестезиологии-реаниматологии и патофизиологии критических состояний отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов НИИ КПССЗ; профессор кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии КемГМУ.

Сосновый бульвар, 6, Кемерово, 650002; ул. Ворошилова, 22а, Кемерово, 650056.

Shukevich Dmitry L. - M.D., Ph.D., the Head of the Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pathophysiology of Critical Conditions, Department of Heart and Vascular Surgery, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; Professor at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

6, Sosnoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002; 22a, Voroshilova St., Kemerovo, 650056.

Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийРоссияResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний; Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202119062021102113124Copyright © Борисенко Д.В., Ивкин А.А., Шукевич Д.Л., 20212021Борисенко Д.В., Ивкин А.А., Шукевич Д.Л.Borisenko D.V., Ivkin A.A., Shukevich D.L.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nii-kpssz.com/jour/article/view/855

Основные положения. В статье описаны патофизиологические аспекты искусственного кровообращения и механизмы развития системного воспалительного ответа при кардиохирургических операциях у детей. Представлены наиболее актуальные методы борьбы с системным воспалительным ответом, среди которых как способы в составе искусственного кровообращения, так и фармакологические методики.

Рост числа детей с врожденными пороками сердца требует разработки более совершенных технологий оперативного лечения. Однако хирургические методы коррекции по-прежнему в большинстве случаев требуют применения искусственного кровообращения. Несмотря на значительный прогресс в совершенствовании техники проведения искусственного кровообращения, остается нерешенным и актуальным вопрос системного воспалительного ответа (СВО), сопровождающего операции такого рода. В обзоре подробно представлены причины и механизмы развития данного осложнения. Охарактеризованы наиболее популярные методы ограничения СВО: стандартная и модифицированная ультрафильтрация, лейкоцитарные фильтры, фармакологическое воздействие (применение системных глюкокортикоидов, апротинина и антиоксидантов). Кроме того, оценена роль кардиоплегии и гипотермии в процессе ограничения системного воспаления. В кардиохирургических центрах по всему миру используют различные технические и фармакологические подходы, опираясь на результаты релевантных исследований, при этом до сих пор не разработаны четкие клинические рекомендации, направленные на снижение СВО во время искусственного кровообращения у детей. Указанное осложнение остается значимой проблемой у детей реанимационного профиля, определяя тяжесть состояния, удлиняя срок госпитализации и уменьшая выживаемость данной категории больных.

Highlights. The article discusses the pathophysiological aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass and the mechanisms underlying the development of the systemic inflammatory response in children following congenital heart surgery. We summarize and report the most relevant preventive strategies aimed at reducing the systemic inflammatory response, including both, CPB-related methods and pharmacological ones.

The growing number of children with congenital heart defects requires the development of more advanced technologies for their surgical treatment. However, cardiopulmonary bypass is required in almost all surgical techniques. Despite the tremendous progress and recent advances in cardiopulmonary bypass techniques, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with these surgeries remains unresolved. The review summarizes the causes and mechanisms underlying its development. The most commonly used preventive strategies are reported, including standard and modified ultrafiltration, leukocyte filters, and pharmacological agents (systemic glucocorticoids, aprotinin, and antioxidants).

The role of cardioplegia and hypothermia in the reduction of systemic inflammation is defined. Cardiac surgery centers around the world use a variety of techniques and pharmacological approaches, drawing on the results of randomized clinical studies. However, there are no clear and definite clinical guidelines aimed at reducing the systemic inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass in children. It remains a significant problem for pediatric intensive care by aggravating their postoperative status, prolonging the length of the in-hospital stay, and reducing the survival rates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.