STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN SENIOR STUDENTS

Highlights

The article examines the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the state of central hemodynamics (CHD) in senior students.

Aim. To study the risk factors for CHD and CVD in senior students with the aim of early detection of arterial hypertension (AH) and the implementation of therapeutic and prophylactic measures.

Methods. The study involved 223 senior students of medical universities in Moscow aged 20-27 years (the mean age was 22.8±0.17 years). The following cardiovascular risk factors were assessed for each student: age, gender, smoking, physical activity, genetic predispositions; body mass index. The indicators of CHD were studied by volumetric compression oscillometry using a portable automated software-hardware complex for non-invasive research of central hemodynamics (“SHCNIR CHD vco-“Globus” device).

Results. The presence of CVD risk factors in senior students was revealed in 52.5% of cases; more than two risk factors were found in 19.3% of cases; 1^st degree arterial hypertension (AH) in 11.2% of cases; “white coat hypertension” in 10.8% of cases; genetic predisposition to CVD in 30.0% of cases; overweight in 17.0% of cases; obesity in 5.4% of cases; low physical activity in 23.8% of cases; smoking in 16.1% of cases. An altered CHD profile was found in 62.1% of students. An increase in total peripheral vascular resistance at normal blood pressure levels was noted in 31.8% of cases. Indicators of total peripheral vascular resistance, mean blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the group of students with CHD risk factors.

Conclusion. Outpatient follow-up groups should include students with established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diagnosed AH, and with altered indicators of CHD. Preventive examinations should include a simple method for studying hemodynamics – compression oscillometry.

1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Health Data Exchange. 2016. [2019-09-10]. GBD Results Tool http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool.

2. Thomas F., Bean K., Guize L. Combined effects of systolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality in young (<55 years) men and women. Eur Heart J. 2002; 23: 528–535.

3. Boytsov S.A., Balanova Yu.A., Shalnova S.A., Deev A.D., Artamonova G.V., Gatagonova T.M., Duplyakov D.V., Efanov A.Yu., Zhernakova Yu.V., Konradi A.O., Libis R.A., Minakov A.V., Nedogoda S.V., Oshchepkova E.V., Romanchuk S.A., Rotar O.P., Trubacheva I.A., Chazova I.E., Shlyakhto E.V., Muromtseva G.A., Evstifeeva S.E., Kapustina A.V., Konstantinov V.V., Oganov R.G., Mamedov M.N., Baranova E.I., Nazarova O.A., Shutemova O.A., Furmenko G.I., Babenko N.I., Azarin O.G., Bondartsov L.V., Khvostikova A.E., Ledyaeva A.A., Chumachek E.V., Isaeva E.N., Basyrova I.R., Kondratenko V.Yu., Lopina E.A., Safonova D.V., Skripchenko A.E., Indukaeva E.V., Cherkass N.V., Maksimov S.A., Danilchenko Y.V., Mulerova T.A., Shalaev S.V., Medvedeva I.V., Shava V.G., Storozhok M.A., Tolparov G.V., Astakhova Z.T., Toguzova Z.A., Kaveshnikov V.S., Karpov R.S., Serebryakova V.N. Аrterial hypertension among individuals of 25–64 years old: prevalence, awareness, treatment and control. by the data from eccd. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014;13(4):4-14. (In Russ) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2014-4-4-14

4. Multanovsky B.L., Lenig S.A. Indicators of daily monitoring of blood pressure in young men at the initial stages of the development of arterial hypertension. Arterial hypertension. 2011; 17 (5): 460-466. (In Russ) doi:10.18705/1607-419X-2011-17-5-460-466

5. Kushakovsky M.S. Primary arterial hypertension: a regulation disease or a form of compensation? Cardiology. 1983; 5: 102-104. (In Russ)

6. Mazurok V.A. Volumetric compression oscillometry to assess the performance of the heart. Intensive care bulletin. 2017; 2: 55-60. (In Russ)

7. Degtyarev V.A. Possibilities of a comprehensive study of the circulatory system in primary health care using the method of volumetric compression oscillometry. Therapy. 2015; 1: 13-15. (In Russ)

8. World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. 2010: 57s.

9. International Questionnaire on Physical Activity - IPAQ (according to www.ipaq.ki.se)

10. Registration certificate for a medical device dated December 15, 2017 No. RZN 2017/6582 "Hardware and software complex for non-invasive research of central hemodynamics by the method of volumetric compression oscillometry" under the name "CAP TsG osm -" Globus "according to TU 9441-003-222221983-2004, registration dossier number RD-16572/10063 dated 20.03.2017.

11. Strakhova N.V., Zuikova A.A. Possibilities of the method of volumetric compression oscillometry in predicting cardiovascular risk in patients with arterial hypertension in general medical practice. Archive of Internal Medicine. 2013; 1 (9): 64-68. (In Russ)

12. Shpak LV, Galoshina ES Advantages of hemodynamic parameters assessment in patients with arterial hypertension by the method of volumetric compression oscillometry. Cardiovascular therapy and prevention. 2013; 12 (2): 10-17. (In Russ)

13. Elgarov AA, Elgarova LV Arterial hypertension and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the student population. KBTiP. 2006; 8. (In Russ) URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/arterialnaya-gipertenziya-i-faktory-riska-serdechno-sosudistyh-zabolevaniy-v-studencheskoy-populyatsii (date accessed: 31.03.2021).

14. Bubnova V.S., Shaposhnik I.I. "Latent" arterial hypertension at a young age. Arterial hypertension. 2010; 4. (In Russ) URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/skrytaya-arterialnaya-gipertenziya-v-molodom-vozraste

15. Fakikh IM, Bekezin VV Arterial hypertension "White coat" in children and adults, its prevalence and clinical and prognostic value. Bulletin of the Smolensk State Medical Academy. 2012; 2. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/arterialnaya-gipertenziya-belogo-halata-u-detey-i-vzroslyh-ee-rasprostranennost-i-kliniko-prognosticheskoe-znachenie (date of access: 03/31/2021).

16. Sokolovskaya E.A., Legkonogov A.V. Assessment of the parameters of the structural and functional state of the heart in connection with the indicators of daily monitoring of blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension and hypertension "white coat" // TMBV. 2016; 3. (In Russ) URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-parametrov-strukturno-funktsionalnogo-sostoyaniya-serdtsa-v-svyazi-s-pokazatelyami-sutochnogo-monitorirovaniya-arterialnogo (date of access: 03/31/2021).

17. Derevianko SV Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the "white coat effect" when measuring blood pressure: Dis. candidate of medical sciences. - SPb., 2005; 134 p. (In Russ)

18. Mancia G., De Backer G., Dominiczak A. et al. Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) J. Hypertens. 2007; 25: 1105–1187.

19. Kushakovsky M.S. Essential hypertension (hypertension): causes, mechanisms, clinical picture, treatment. SPb .: Folio 2002; 416 s (In Russ)

20. Gogin E.E., Gogin G.E. Essential hypertension and associated diseases of the circulatory system: the basics of pathogenesis, diagnosis and choice of treatment. M .: Newdiamed, 2006; 254 s. (In Russ)

21. Gundarov I.A. Preventive medicine at the turn of the century. From risk factors to health reserves and social prevention / I.A. Gundarov, V.A. Polessky. -M .: GEOTAR -Media, 2016; 256 p. (In Russ)