ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ СУБПОПУЛЯЦИЙ ВНЕКЛЕТОЧНЫХ ВЕЗИКУЛ В КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

Основные положения

В обзоре рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с диагностической ценностью определения уровня внеклеточных везикул, а также переносимого ими груза нуклеиновых кислот и белков, у пациентов с различными заболеваниями и патологическими состояниями. Оценены представленные в литературе данные о диагностической значимости отдельных видов микроРНК при злокачественных новообразованиях.

Аннотация

Накопление большого массива информации о биологической природе внеклеточных везикул, а также их участии во многих биологических и патологических процессах в организме предопределяет необходимость трансляции полученных знаний в практическую медицину. Очевидно, что на данном этапе наиболее перспективной представляется разработка диагностических и прогностических алгоритмов, основанных на исследовании уровня целевых внеклеточных везикул у пациентов при различных патологических состояниях. В данном обзоре предпринята попытка систематизации имеющихся данных об опыте и/или перспективах использования отдельных классов внеклеточных везикул в диагностике ряда наиболее распространенных заболеваний и патологических состояний (ишемические и реперфузионные повреждения тканей и органов, инфекционные и неинфекционные воспалительные заболевания, злокачественные опухоли). Отдельно рассмотрены потенциально применимые с диагностической целью внеклеточные везикулы – их белковый состав, а также репертуар переносимых нуклеиновых кислот (в первую очередь микроРНК).

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