HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN MOSCOW AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Highlights

Higher rates of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality compared to Russia as a whole were noted in Moscow during the COVID-19 pandemic and after it (2020-2021). We have reached the conclusion that it is necessary to develop regional prevention and rehabilitation approaches for COVID patients.

Aim. To analyze health and demographic indicators of Moscow, Russia and its constituent entities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to develop regional prevention, management and rehabilitation programs for COVID patients.

Methods. The study incorporated statistical, analytical, and observational methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service, and reports of the Central Research Institute of Healthcare of the Ministry of Health of Russia for 2012–2022 were used for the analysis.

Results. General morbidity of the population in Moscow (2021) amounted to 148 906.0 per 100 000 population. The highest rates were noted in the following classes of diseases: diseases of the respiratory system, circulatory system, diseases of the musculoskeletal and connective tissue, genitourinary system, etc. In the Russian Federation, the overall incidence rate in 2021 was 167 713.8‰₀₀, which is 11.6 % higher compared to Moscow. In 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) the frequency of primary morbidity in Moscow was 65 818.1‰₀₀, in 2020 the frequency decreased to 63 204.4‰₀₀, and in 2021 it increased to 71 523.9‰₀₀, which is 8.7% higher than in 2019. Between 2019 and 2021, there was an increase in primary morbidity rates in the following classes of diseases in Moscow: mental and behavioral disorders by 12.1%, diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs and disorders involving the immune mechanism – by 5.3%, diseases of the nervous system – by 2.1%, etc., which indicates the need for rehabilitation of patients with this pathology. In 2021 the incidence rate of COVID-19 in Moscow increased to 8 976.0‰₀₀, in the Russian Federation the incidence rate was lower – 8 085.7‰₀₀. The difference in indicators between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is quite high and amounts to 11.8. The pandemic has exacerbated the demographic situation in Russia. Mortality rates (for 2019–2021) increased in the Russian Federation from 12.3‰ to 13.6, and in Moscow the increase was more significant – from 9.5 to 16.7‰. The results of the analysis indicate the need to improve preventive and management programs for COVID patients, even more so in Moscow. In Moscow and Russian Federation as a whole higher rate of general morbidity in children and adolescents compared to total and adult population morbidity over 10 years (2012–2021) points to the importance of prevention and management programs of this population.

Conclusion. The results of the study reaffirm the need to develop regional prevention, management and rehabilitation approaches for COVID patients.

1. Shchepin V.O. Comparative assessment of mortality in the Moscow region in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. In: History of Science and Technology. Museum business. Science, technology, society: development challenges in the past and present. Materials of the XIV International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow; 2021. S. 293. (In Russian)

2. Kalininskaya A.A., Lazarev A.V., Allenov A.M., Merekina M.D. Improving the organizational forms of preventive work with the population in a metropolis. Complex problems of cardiovascular diseases. 2022; 11(3): 115-124. doi 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-3-115-124. (In Russian)

3. Salagay O.O., Soshkina K.V., Letnikova L.I., Starodubov V.I., Drapkina O.M., Khalfin R.A., Kobyakova O.S., Khabriev R.U. Public health in the "year of coronavirus". Public health. 2021; 1(1): 7-18. doi: 10.21045/2782-1676-2021-1-1-7-18 (In Russian)

4. Esipov A.V., Alekhnovich A.V., Abushinov V.V. COVID-19: first experience in providing medical care and possible solutions to problematic issues (review). Hospital medicine: science and practice. 2020; 1(1):5-8. (In Russian)

5. Gruzdeva O.A. On the features of demographic policy in Russia in the context of a pandemic. Actual problems and prospects for the development of the economy: Russian and foreign experience. 2021; 1(33); 12-16. (In Russian)

6. Kizeev M.V., Lazarev A.V., Valeev V.V., Kalininskaya A.A., Mingazov R.N., Stochik A.A., Mingazova E.N. Age-related characteristics of the incidence of the population in a pandemic COVID-19. Problems of social hygiene, public health and the history of medicine. 2022; 30(s1) doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-s1-1023-1026 (In Russian)

7. Malinina E.S., Shelomentsev A.G. Methodical approach to the economic assessment of the impact of population health losses on the socio-economic development of regions. Problems of the modern economy. 2021; 3(79): 135-138. (In Russian)

8. Alikova Z.R., Anaeva L.A. Regional features of the development of the health care system for children in Kabardino-Balkaria in the XX century. Problems of social hygiene, health care and the history of medicine. 2019; 27(1): 78-82. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2019-27-1-78-82 (In Russian)

9. Shlyafer S.I. The main indicators of the work of social service centers for the elderly and disabled in Russia. Problems of social hygiene, public health and the history of medicine. 2019; 27(6): 1053-1057. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2019-27-6-1053-1057 (In Russian)

10. Kalininskaya A.A., Lazarev A.V., Vasil'eva T.P., Kizeev M.V., Rassokha D.V. Medical and social characteristics and assessment of the quality of life of patients with diseases of the circulatory system. Problems of social hygiene, public health and the history of medicine. 2021; 29(3):456-461. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-456-461 (In Russian)

11. Kalininskaya A.A., Lazarev A.V., Allenov A.M., Merekina M.D., Kizeev M.V. Results and prospects of reforming primary health care in Moscow. Problems of social hygiene, public health and the history of medicine. 2022; 30(2): 270-274. doi 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-2-270-274. (In Russian)

12. Kalininskaya A.A., Alekhnovich A.V., Kizeev M.V., Lazarev A.V., Balzamova L.A., Smirnov A.A. Medical and demographic situation in the Amur region as the basis for health saving. Complex problems of cardiovascular diseases. 2022; 11(4): 167-176. doi 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-4-167-176. (In Russian)