AWARENESS, TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN THE POPULATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Highlights

It is important to implement programs to improve prevention, awareness, and control of arterial hypertension. The levels of hypertension control vary depending on populations and time periods. This review presents an assessment of the variation in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in modern populations around the world.

Abstract

High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor in the development of premature death and disability throughout the world. We conducted an analytical review of the medical research publications for the period 2005–2023, which assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension (HT) in various populations in the contemporary period. For literature search we used electronic databases of Google Academy (https://scholar.google.ru/), PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), eLIBRARY.ru (https://www.elibrary), and the data from international and Russian journals dedicated to cardiology and internal medicine. The results of the analysis showed significant geographical variations in the HT prevalence (from < 20% to > 60%); predominantly high rates of HT awareness and treatment in developed countries (up to > 80%) with low relevant indicators in underdeveloped countries, for example, in Sub-Saharan African regions (below 15–20%). The level of hypertension control varies from < 10% to > 60%. The assessment of adherence to the guidelines for CVD prevention, is most consistently reported by the series of EUROASPIRE I–V, NHANES, NCD Risk factor Collaboration, ESSE-RF studies. Despite the availability of modern guidelines for the management of HT and existence of effective and safe antihypertensive drugs, the control of HT is very difficult. According to generalized data, about 50% of hypertensive patients do not achieve target BP levels. Recent trends demonstrate that a dual approach to reducing HT through primary prevention and improved treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries, but also in middle- and low-income settings. Accordingly, the implementation of coordinated programs to improve the prevention, detection, education, treatment and control of hypertension is warranted and important worldwide.

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