ENDOCARDITIS CAUSED BY HACEK GROUP MICROORGANISMS

Highlights

A systematic review of modern scientific data on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, features of laboratory diagnostics and etiotropic treatment of endocarditis by HACEK was conducted. To analyze the research, we used information platforms and scholarly search services such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, and CyberLeninka. The search was carried out by keywords; after the initial analysis, 45 articles were selected. Further study of the epidemiological, clinical, immunopathological and microbiological aspects of Infective endocarditis by HACEK is necessary.

Abstract

Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group microorganisms (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella spp.) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that requires timely diagnosis and adequate treatment. This review analyzes current data on the epidemiology, microbiological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HACEK endocarditis. Regional differences in the prevalence of the disease, risk factors, and predictors of its development in various patient categories are highlighted. The clinical manifestations of HACEK endocarditis are characterized in detail. The possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of HACEK endocarditis with an emphasis on culture and molecular genetic methods are considered. Modern approaches to antibacterial therapy and surgical treatment of the disease, taking into account the increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogens, are analyzed. Data on hospital mortality of patients with HACEK endocarditis are presented. Unresolved problems and promising directions for further research of this pathology are identified.

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