COMPARATIVE IN VITRO TESTING OF BIODEGRADABLE VASCULAR GRAFTS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

We prepared polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate (PHBV)/polycaprolactone (PCL) 2 mm vascular grafts using electrospinning. The structure of the graft surface along with the physico-mechanical and viscoelastic properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, universal testing machine (n=20), and arterial pulsatile flow circuit (n=12), respectively. We also assessed hemocompatibility and thromboresistance of the inner graft surface (n=12). Cell adhesion and viability were investigated using EA.hy 926, an endothelial cell line that was cultured on the cultural plate, PCL, and PHBV/PCL scaffolds during 6 days.

PCL and PHBV/PCL grafts consisted of ≤ 4 μm diameter fibers which were randomly distributed and formed ≤ 40 μm diameter pores. The durability, elasticity, and stiffness of PCL grafts were 2,7-fold lower, 10,7-fold higher, and 2,9-fold higher, respectively, compared to autologous saphenous veins (р<0,001). However, the durability, elasticity, and stiffness of PHBV/PCL grafts were 1,9-fold higher, 1,8-fold lower, and 6,9-fold higher in comparison with PCL grafts (р<0,001). Viscoelastic properties of both PCL and PHBV/PCL grafts differed from native arteries (p<0,001) but were more similar to them then Dacron and ePTFE grafts. After the contact with blood, inner surface of PHBV/PCL grafts contained minimal amount of proteins and blood cells, and there were no signs of platelet activation. However, PCL grafts contained a high amount of proteins and induced platelet activation. After 6 days of culture, the number of EA.hy 926 cells was lower on PCL scaffolds compared to the PHBV/PCL scaffolds and cultural plate; the viability of the cells was similar.

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