THE ROLE OF NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS: DIAGNOSTIC AND CORRECTION METHODS

Highlights

• Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) take a predominant part in the reaction of the macroorganism to damage of any etiology and make a significant contribution during the pathological process. However, in many chronic diseases and urgent conditions, NETs and NETosis negatively affect the patient's condition, worsening the prognosis of the outcome.
• The development and application of extracorporeal therapies can help break the vicious circle of NETosis and stabilize the general condition of a critical patient.

Abstract

The role of neutrophils in the immune response has been studied quite well. However, there are mechanisms of neutrophil response that can significantly worsen the patient's condition, thus requiring additional study. Such mechanisms include neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the physiological and pathophysiological role of which has recently been of great interest. In particular, the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may be one of the mechanisms of neutrophil activation and excessive NETs–NETosis formation. NETosis negatively affects the outcome of the disease due to the aggravation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and sepsis. The methods of diagnosis and treatment for NETosis in patients in critical condition have not been sufficiently studied. Nevertheless, recently scientists developed and clinically tested devices for extracorporeal removal of NETs, which are of great scientific and practical interest, since the effectiveness of NETs sorption has not been studied yet.

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