CORRELATION BETWEEN SMOKING AND LIPID AND CERAMIDE METABOLISM DISORDERS AMONG COAL MINING WORKERS

Highlights

Smoking and dyslipidemia are common cardiovascular risk factors among workers of the coal sector of the economy. Although non-smokers exhibit a more unfavorable profile of lipid metabolism, it has been found that smoking contributes to the development of various variants of dyslipidemia.

Aim. To investigate the correlation between lipid and ceramide metabolic disorders and smoking status among coal industry workers.

Methods. The study included 209 coal miners, they were examined and divided into three groups based on their smoking status: current smokers (44%), former smokers (39.9%), and non-smokers (26.8%). Dyslipidemia and ceramide profile were assessed in those analyzed groups.

Results. Among the participants, 73.2% were former smokers, and 44% were current smokers. 64.6% of the participants had dyslipidemia, the predominant types of dyslipidemia were hypercholesterolemia (61.7%), high levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (50.7%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (34.5%). Low levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and apolipoprotein A were rare, and no individuals had high levels of lipoprotein(a). Statistical differences were revealed only in the content of LDL, which was higher (p = 0.007) in the group of non-smokers (3.03 (2.43; 3.51) mmol/L) compared with former smokers (2.66 (2.11; 3.22) mmol/L). The ApoB content was statistically comparable in the groups of current smokers and non-smokers, but higher than in the group of former smokers, however, there were no significant differences in the proportion of people with elevated ApoB levels. Ceramide concentrations were not affected by smoking status. Correlation analysis showed an association between smoking and total cholesterol, triglycerides, ApoB, and some types of ceramides. Multivariate and correlation analyses confirmed the effect of smoking on dyslipidemia development. Thus, smoking causes hypertriglyceridemia in 27.81% of respondents, an increase in VLDL in 18.76% of cases, an increase in LDL and ApoB in 18.76%, a decrease in ApoA and an increase in ApoB in 14.87%, and an increase in Lp(a) and hypercholesterolemia in 13.31%.

Conclusion. Smoking and dyslipidemia are common among workers of the coal industry. Hypercholesterolemia and elevated ApoB levels are the most common variants of dyslipidemia. The analysis of the ceramide profile showed no statistically significant differences. The lipid profile is worse in non-smokers, but the results of an in-depth analysis suggest that smoking affects different forms of dyslipidemia.

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