ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR COMPOSITION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADVERSE EVENTS DEPENDING ON THE AREA OF RESIDENCE

Highlights

Atmospheric air pollution is one of the key factors that significantly affect morbidity and mortality rates. The article presents an assessment of the pollution of residential areas and an analysis of the associations of air pollutants with the development of adverse events.

Aim. To assess the level of pollution in residential areas and identify associations between airborne air pollutants and adverse events.

Methods. Airborne air pollutant levels were analyzed for the period 2009–2020. A total of 2,982 respondents were included in the study to analyze the association between airborne pollutants and the risk of adverse events. Adverse events were assessed as new cases of dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmia, unstable angina, revascularization procedures, decompensation and/or verification of chronic heart failure, hospitalization for cardiac pathology, and death.

Results. Airborne air pollution levels are predominantly considered high. The most common contaminants exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations include benzopyrene, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and suspended solids. Pollutant levels were somewhat lower in rural areas compared to all city districts. Pollution levels were more pronounced in the Zavodskoy and Kirovsky districts, and to a lesser extent in the Leninsky and Tsentralny districts. At the prospective stage, despite the absence of differences in the incidence of heart attack, stroke, arrhythmia, or cardiovascular death, statistically significant differences were observed when combining the above-mentioned cases. A more unfavorable profile was revealed among respondents living in the Leninsky district. Residents of the village and Rudnichny district had a more favorable profile, while the opposite was true in the Zavodskoy and Kirovsky districts. An analysis of latent factors characterizing the combination of pollutants with the greatest impact on health revealed associations between the composition of atmospheric impurities and the development of adverse outcomes in prospective observation.

Conclusion. The air quality in the districts of residence was assessed as unfavorable; The content of impurities in atmospheric air is associated with the occurrence of new cases of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity in previously healthy individuals, as well as with the risk of developing new cases of all cardiovascular events.

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