ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕАКТИВНОСТЬ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРЕССА У ЗДОРОВЫХ ЛИЦ: ВЛИЯНИЕ ТИПА ЛИЧНОСТИ Д, УРОВНЯ ДЕПРЕССИИ И СТРАТЕГИЙ СОВЛАДАНИЯ

Основные положения

Проведено исследование, в ходе которого изучалась взаимосвязь между типом личности Д, а также другими параметрами профиля личности, и психофизиологической реактивностью при воздействии стресса с использованием комплекса биологической обратной связи по ряду физиологических параметров, которые ранее не отслеживались в аналогичных исследованиях. По результатам исследования, у представителей типа личности Д наблюдается более высокая активность симпатоадреналовой системы при воздействии стресса по сравнению с остальной популяцией. Эти данные могут быть полезны при разработке стресс-лимитирующих воздействий. Возможность использования тех или иных психофизиологических маркёров в программах биологической обратной связи для лиц с типом личности Д требует дальнейшего изучения.

Цель. Изучить влияние типа личности Д, уровня депрессии, предпочитаемых копинг-стратегий на изменение психофизиологических показателей в условиях эмоционального стресса.

Материал и методы. Испытуемыми явились 79 студентов Кемеровского государственного медицинского университета в возрасте от 18 до 32 лет (средний возраст 20,7 ± 2,4 года). Оценивался психологический статус исследуемых (с помощью опросников DS-14, HADS, WCQ и CSI) с оценкой типа личности Д, уровня депрессии и преобладающих копинг-стратегий. Стресс-тестирование проводилось с помощью комплекса БОСЛАБ, при этом регистрировались электромиограмма, электрокардиограмма, температура тела, дыхание, кожно-гальваническая реакция и фотоплетизмограмма; протокол процедуры включал в себя тест на устный счёт и тест Струпа. Сравнивались результаты стресс-тестов в группах с наличием/отсутствием типа Д и депрессии.

Результаты. У всех испытуемых при стресс-тестировании отмечались маркеры симпатической активации по следующим параметрам: увеличение частоты сердечных сокращений и укорочение интервалов R-R (p < 0,001), повышение кожной проводимости (p < 0,001). У лиц с типом личности Д наблюдалось достоверно большее увеличение показателя адекватности процессов регуляции (ПАПР) при выполнении теста на устный счёт (p = 0,026) и теста Струпа (p = 0,031). Наличие как типа личности Д, так и депрессии предрасполагало к выбору дезадаптивных стратегий совладания.

Заключение. В когорте испытуемых выявлена высокая распространенность типа личности Д и депрессии. У представителей типа личности Д наблюдались более высокие показатели активации симпатико-адреналовой системы при стрессорном воздействии по сравнению с остальной популяцией. Выявленные данные необходимо учитывать при разработке стресс-лимитирующих воздействий для представителей типа личности Д. Требует дальнейшего изучения возможность использования в этом отношении комплекса психофизиологических показателей в программах биологической обратной связи.

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