MODELING THE DESIGN OF THE EXPANDABLE HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS

Highlights

● Numerical modeling demonstrated that support frames with predefined zones of controlled deformation are capable of predictably increasing in diameter during balloon dilation through localized plastic deformation and fracture.

● The geometry of the deformation zone – specifically the number of bends – determines the stress distribution pattern and allows for control over the extent and localization of frame fracture.

● The radial forces required to expand the proposed frames are significantly lower than those required to fracture traditional surgical bioprostheses, confirming the clinical feasibility of the design.

Aim. To evaluate the feasibility of controlled diameter expansion of a heart valve prosthesis support frame using predefined deformation zones by means of finite element numerical modeling.

Methods. Three three-dimensional models of heart valve prosthesis support frames with controlled deformation zones were investigated, differing in the number of bends (1, 3, and 5). Balloon dilation was simulated in Abaqus/CAE using the finite element method. The frames were radially expanded by 2 mm followed by load removal to assess elastic recoil. The frame material was modeled as 316LVM stainless steel with elastic–plastic properties. Von Mises stress, plastic strain, outer diameter change, recoil, and radial force were analyzed.

Results. All frame variants demonstrated localization of maximum stresses and plastic deformation in the curved deformation zones, where stresses exceeded the yield and ultimate strength limits. This indicates the possibility of controlled fracture or irreversible deformation during dilation. An increase in the number of bends resulted in a more uniform stress distribution and reduced severity of local damage. Elastic recoil after load removal was 0.31% for all models. The required radial forces ranged from 287 to 354 N (2.8–3.5 atm).

Conclusion. Finite element modeling confirms the feasibility of an expandable heart valve prosthesis support frame with controlled deformation zones, enabling diameter enlargement under moderate balloon dilation pressures.

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