Challenges in diagnosing frailty syndrome in the elderly population of different countries
https://doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2020-9-4-95-104
Abstract
The review article discusses the challenges in diagnosing frailty in the elderly population of different countries. It is one of the most critical issues in the recent clinical practice. The global proportion of the elderly population is increasing annually, thereby the prevalence of the frailty syndrome is projected to increase to an unprecedented rate. This syndrome worsens the quality of life of the population, limits physiological reserve and increases the risk of disability and fatal events. This review provides recent approaches for diagnosing frailty syndrome in the elderly population of different countries. Relevant pros and cons of each frailty assessment tools are briefly discussed. The rationale for the further clinical studies aimed at developing highly sensitive and specific method for frailty diagnosis is presented. The PubMed database was used to identify relevant studies and systematic reviews.
About the Authors
E. A. Vegner
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Competing Interests: заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов
Russian Federation
Vegner Elena A. - a Ph.D. student, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery.
22a, Voroshilova St., Kemerovo, 650029
Competing Interests: заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов
K. E. Krivoshapova
Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
Russian Federation
Competing Interests: заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов
Russian Federation
Krivoshapova Kristina E. - Ph.D., a researcher at the Laboratory for Comorbidities in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Clinical Cardiology.
6, Sosonoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002
Competing Interests: заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов
O. L. Barbarash
Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kemerovo State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Barbarash Olga L. - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, PhD, Professor, Director RI for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; Chair of the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery,“Kemerovo SMU.
6, Sosonoviy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002; 22a, Voroshilova St., Kemerovo, 650029
Competing Interests:
входит в состав редакционной коллегии журнала «Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»
References
1. Wan H., Goodkind D., Kowal P. International Population Reports: An Aging World: 2015. DC: U.S. Government Publishing Office; 2016: 165. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1088.9362.
2. Federal State Statistics Service Russian Federation. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/en/main/ (accessed 07.07.2019).
3. Barnett K., Mercer S.W., Norbury M., Watt G., Wyke S., Guthrie B. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a crosssectional study. Lancet. 2012; 380 (9836): 37-43. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2.
4. Gaifulin R.A., Sumin A.N., Ivanov S.V., Barbarash L.S. Survival after surgical treatment of multifocal atherosclerosis in different age groups. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2017; 2: 6-18. (In Russian). DOI: 10.17802/23061278-2017-2-6-18.
5. Kotovskaya Yu.V., Tkachev O.N. Comorbid conditions in the elderly and senile age. Available at: https://profmedforum.ru/oprosyi-211/modul1/ (accessed 05.07.2019).
6. Klinicheskie rekomendacii po starcheskoj astenii Rossijskoj associacii gerontologov i geriatrov 2018 goda. Available at: http://www.rgnkc.ru/spetsialistam/metodicheskie-materialy (accessed 03.06.2019) (In Russian).
7. Tkacheva O.N, Kotovskaya Yu.E., Ostapenko V.S., Sharashkina N.V. Senile asthenia: What you need to know about her first level physician. Russian Medical Journal. 2017; 25: 1820-1822.
8. Collard R.M., Boter H., Schoevers R.A., Oude Voshaar R.C. Prevalence of frailty in community dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2012; 60 (8): 1487-1492. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x.
9. Kojima G. Prevalence of frailty in nursing homes: A systematic review and metaanalysis. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2016; 16: 940-945. DOI: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000097.
10. Romero-Ortuno R., Walsh D.C., Lawlor B., Kenny R.A. A Frailty Instrument for primary care: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). BMC Geriatrics. 2010; 10: 57. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-10-57.
11. Klevmarken A., Hesselius P., Swensson B. SHARE sampling procedures and calibrated scale weights. In: Borsch-Supan A., Jurges H., editors. The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement Survey in Europe - Methodology. Mannheim: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA). 2005; 28-69. Available at: http://www.mea.uni-mannheim.de/ (accessed 03.07.2019).
12. Santos-Eggimann B., Cuenoud P., Spagnoli J., Junod J. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009; 64 (6): 675-681. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp012.
13. Fried L., Ferrucci L., Darer J., Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2004; 59 (3): 255-263. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.3.m255
14. Mitnitski A.B., Mogilner A.J., Rockwood K. Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. Sci World J. 2001; 1: 323-336. DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2001.58.
15. Jones D.M., Song X., Rockwood K. Operationalizing a frailty index from a standardized comprehensive geriatric. American Geriatric Society. 2004; 52: 1929-1933. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52521.x.
16. Tkacheva O.N., Runikhina N.K., Ostapenko V.S., Sharashkina N.V., Mkhitaryan E.A., Onuchina Yu., Lysenkov S.N. Validation of the questionnaire for screening senile asthenia syndrome in outpatient practice. Advances in gertology. 2017; 30 (2): 236-242.
17. Clegg A., Rogers L., Young J. Diagnostic test accuracy of simple instruments for identifying frailty in communitydwelling older people: a systematic review. Age and Ageing. 2015; 44 (1): 148-152. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu157.
18. Savva G.M., Donoghue O.A., Horgan F., O'Regan C., Cronin H., Kenny R.A. Using timed up-and-go to identify frail members of the older population. The Journals of Gerontology. 2013; 68 (4): 441-446. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls190.
19. Hoogendijk E.O., van der Horst H.E., Deeg D., Frijters D., Prins B., Jansen A., Nijpels G., van Hout H. V. The identification of frail older adults in primary care: comparing the accuracy of five simple instruments. Age and Ageing. 2013; 42 (2): 262-265;. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afs163.
20. Lorenzo-Lopez L., Maseda A., De Labra C. Regueiro-Folgueira L. Nutritional determinants of frailty in older adults: A systematic review. BMC Geriatrics. 2017; 17: 108. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0496-2.
21. Jayanama K., Theou O., Blodgett J.M., Cahill L., Rockwood K. Frailty, nutrition-related parameters and mortality across the adult age spectrum. BMC Medicine. 2018; 16: 188. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1176-6.
22. Kaiser M.J., Bauer J.M., Ramsch C., Uter W., Guigoz Y., Cederholm T. et al. Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using a mini nutritional assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58 (9): 1734-1738. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03016.x.
23. Constans T., Bacq Y., Brechot J.F., Guilmot J.L., Choutet P., Lamisse F. Protein-energy malnutrition in elderly medical patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992; 40 (3): 263-268. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02080.x.
24. Bollwein J., Volkert D., Diekmann R., Kaiser M.J., Uter W., Vidal K. et al. Nutritional status according to the mini nutrition assessment (MNA®) and frailty in community dwelling older persons: a close relationship. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013; 17 (4): 351-356. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0009-8.
25. Guigoz Y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature-What does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging. 2006; 10: 466-485.
26. Guigoz Y., Garry J.P: Mini Nutritional Assessment: A practical assessment tool for grading the nutritional state of elderly patients. Facts Res Gerontol. 1994; 4 (2): 15-59. DOI: 10030728344/.
27. Oliveira M.R.M., Fogafa K.C.P. Nutritional status and functional capacity of hospitalized elderly. Nutr. J. 2009; 8: 54. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-8-54.
28. Fillenbaum G.G., Smyer M.A: The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire. Journal of Gerontol. 1981; 36 (4): 428-434. DOI: 10.1093/geronj/36.4.428.
29. Castell M.V., Sanchez M., Keipo J., Martin S., Otero A. Prevalence of fragility and low walking speed in people aged 65 and over: implications for primary health care. BMC Fam Pract. 2013; 14 (86). DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-86.
30. Shinkai S., Watanabe S., Kumagai S., Fujiwara Y., Amano H., Yoshida H. et al. Walking speed as a good predictor for the onset of functional dependence in a Japanese rural community population. Age and Ageing. 2000; 29 (5): 441446. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/29.5.441.
31. Ensrud K.E., Ewing S.C., Taylor B.C., Fink H.A., Stone K.L., Cauley J.A., Tracy J.K., Hochberg M.C., Rodondi N., Cawthon P.M. Fraility and risk of falls, fractures and mortality in older women: study of osteoporotic fractures. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007; 62 (7): 744-751. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.7.744.
32. Ensrud K.E., Ewing S.K., Brent S. Taylor C. Comparison of 2 Frailty Indexes for Prediction of Falls, Disability, Fractures, and Death in Older Women. Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168 (4): 382-389. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2007.113.
33. Khatib D., Stout K., Gosmanov R.A. Using DXA screening for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in veterans of the United States aged 70 years and older. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2018; 66 (2). DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000557.
34. Kaplan S.J., Arbabi S., Pham N.T. Association of Radiologic Indicators of Frailty With 1-Year Mortality in Older Trauma Patients Opportunistic Screening for Sarcopenia and Osteopenia. JAMA SURGERY. 2017; 152 (2): 164-604. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4604.
35. Howlett S.E., Rockwood M., Mitnitski A., Rockwood K. Standard laboratory tests to identify older adults at increased risk of death. BMC Medicine. 2014; 12: 171. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0171-9.
36. Landi F., Russo A., Pahor M., Capoluongo E., Liperoti R., Cesari M. et al. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and mortality in frail, community-living elderly. Gerontology. 2008; 54: 71-78. DOI: 10.1159/000111381.
37. Tajar A., Lee D.M., Pye S.R., O’Connell M.D., Ravindrarajah R., Gielen E. et al. The association of frailty with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels in older European men. Age Ageing. 2013; 42: 352-359. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afs162.
38. Hubbard R.E., Sinead O’Mahony M., Woodhouse K.W. Erythropoietin and anemia in aging and frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008, 56: 2164-2165. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01997.x.
39. Darvin K., Randolph A., Ovalles S., Halade D., Breeding L., Richardson A., Espinoza S.E. Plasma protein biomarkers of the geriatric syndrome of frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69: 182-186. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt183.
Review
For citations:
Vegner E.A., Krivoshapova K.E., Barbarash O.L. Challenges in diagnosing frailty syndrome in the elderly population of different countries. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020;9(4):95-104. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2020-9-4-95-104
Views:
584
