Лимфодренажная система головного мозга: возможности визуализации и современное состояние проблемы

Предполагается, что лимфодренажная система головного мозга состоит из глимфатической системы и сети менингеальных лимфатических сосудов. Данная система поддерживает гомеостаз мозга, участвует в иммунном надзоре и представляет собой новую терапевтическую мишень в лечении неврологических дисфункций.

В статье проанализированы и систематизированы данные о лимфодренажной системе головного мозга. Рассматриваются ключевые компоненты данной системы: недавно охарактеризованные менингеальные лимфатические сосуды и их взаимосвязь с глимфатической системой, которая обеспечивает перфузию центральной нервной системы цереброспинальной и интерстициальной жидкостями. Лимфодренажная система помогает поддерживать водный и ионный баланс интерстициальной жидкости, способствует очистке от шлаков метаболитов и продуктов жизнедеятельности клеток, реабсорбции макромолекул, а нарушения в ее работе играют решающую роль в возрастных изменениях головного мозга, патогенезе нейроваскулярных, нейродегенеративных заболеваний, а также при травмах и опухолях головного мозга. Также в обзоре приведены результаты исследований на людях, посвященных изучению наличия, анатомии и структуры менингеальных лимфатических сосудов и глимфатической системы. Открытие лимфодренажной системы не только изменило представление о циркуляции жидкости в головном мозге, но и внесло вклад в понимание патологии центральной нервной системы и механизмов нейродегенеративных заболеваний. 

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